Polyvinyl chloride processing data

Japan PVC Environmental Affairs Council (1999) Study report on LCI data for processed products made from polyvinyl chloride resin. JPEC, Tokyo... 

A manufacturing precast for producing ortho-phthalate otters derived from alkyl acid ortho-phthalatos and olefins has boon developed and demonstrated on the pilot plant scale. Process variables Include choice of reactants, stoichiometry, reaction kinetics, recycle of recovered materials and the fate of the perchloric add catalyst. Seme physical properties of the ortho-phthalate esters have been determined and severed of the esters have been evaluated as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. The composite data show that the acid-olefin esterification process provides commercially acceptable plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. 

Many researches adopted one of the aforanentioned approaches and modified it to include various aspects of the pneumatic drying process. Andrieu and Bressat [16] presented a simple model for pneumatic drying of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), particles. Their model was based on elementary momentum, heat and mass transfer between the fluid and the particles. In order to simplify their model, they assumed that the flow is unidirectional, the relative velocity is a function of the buoyancy and drag forces, solid temperature is uniform and equal to the evaporation temperature, and that evaporation of free water occurs in a constant rate period. Based on their simplifying assumptions, six balance equations were written for six unknowns, namely, relative velocity, air humidity, solid moisture content, equilibrium humidity, and both solid and fluid temperatures. The model was then solved numerically, and satisfactory agreanent with their experimental results was obtained. A similar model was presented by Tanthapanichakoon and Srivotanai [24]. Their model was solved numerically and compared with their experimental data. Their comparison between the experimental data and their model predictions showed large scattering for the gas temperature and absolute humidity. However, their comparisons for the solid temperature and the water content were failed. 

Optical methods, based on observation of the chaise in the IR and UV spectra of the polymers under the action of agents producing aging, have received widespread use in the investigation of aging processes. As a rule, experimental data obtained by several different methods of analysis are compared in studies devoted to the problem of the aging of polyvinyl chloride. 

We should mention the use of nitro compoimds as stabilizers of polyvinyl chloride. In spite of the fact that the activating influence of the nitro group upon introduction into the molecule of an inhibitor of radical chain processes is well known, there are no data in the literature on the use of substances of this type in the plastics industry. The information available on stabilizers, whose molecules contain nitro groups, pertains to organotin compounds [152] and glycidyl esters [21]. 

Actually, since the polyvinyl chloride point is past the end of the carbon dioxide data (polyisobutylene) in Fig. 5-10, more weight can probably be given to the 2.94 value. In any case, the above methods can be of considerable help to the polymer processing practitioner. 

From what we have discussed in (b"), it follows that when the two sets of D(Cj) data derived from sorption experiments and permeation experiments do not agree with one another within the expected limits of accuracy, the sorption values of D are incorrect and the measured sorption processes are non-Fickian. This method of examining whether sorption is Fickian or not is particularly useful when the experimental sorption curve has a shape equivalent to the true Fickian curve. Meares (1958a) demonstrated that the D values for the system polyvinyl acetate-allyl chloride at 40° C. determined from steady-state permeation data in-... 

It can be concluded that polyvinyl alcohol incorporated in nylon 6,6 reduces the rate of heat release and increases the char yield. Cone calorimetry data for permanganate-oxidized polyvinyl alcohol indicate an improvement in peak rate of heat release compared with polyvinyl alcohol alone, but the smouldering process is exothermic. Silicon/stannic chloride systems act as ecologically friendly flame retardants for both nylon 6,6 and polypropylene. 

---