Polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites

Polyvinyl chloride-montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared either by in-situ suspension polymerisation using initiator- and comonomer-modified montmorillonite in the presence of free-radical initiators, such as AIBN, and compared. It was found that monomer conversion was low when the nanocomposites were prepared using initiator-modified montmorillonite. Exfoliated nanocomposites... 

Polyvinyl chloride/montmorillonite nanocomposites were prepared using an epoxy resin, as compatibiliser, and the effect of this compatibiliser on the optical properties of the nanocomposites investigated. It was found that the transparency of the nanocomposites improved with increasing content of montmorillonite, which was pretreated with the epoxy resin. The good transparency of the nanocomposites also indicated that the epoxy resin improved the processing stability of the nanocomposites. 3 refs. 

Figure 4.6 Optical microscope pictures, a) to i), of the Petri plates after 4 h of yeast incubation. The bottom of each plate was either coated with the bare polyvinylmethyl ketone (PVMK), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers or by polymer-tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (TBAP) films or by the copper NP-PVMK, copper NP-PVC, and copper NP-PVDF nanocomposites. Reproduced with permission from N. Cioffi, L. Torsi,...

Thus, to modify compositions with finely dispersed suspensions it is necessary for the latter to be active enough that should be controlled with IR speetroseopy. A number of results of material modification with finely dispersed suspensions of metal/carbon nanocomposites are given, as well as the examples of changes in the properties of modified materials based on concrete compositions, epoxy and phenol resins, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, and current-conducting polymeric materials. 

An increase in accompanied by a reduction in thermal decomposition temperatures has been observed for the following polyvinyl chlorate [119], polyvinyl pyridine [120], clay nanocomposites, polyamide 6, polyvinyl chloride [121], poly-4-v-vinyl pyridine [119], and flnoroelastomers. 

The metal/carbon nanocomposites production proceeds in two stages. At the first stage, the nanoreactor, filled by the corresponding metal containing phase, is formed in the determined polymeric matrix (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate). At the second stage, metal/ carbon nanocomposite is formed with the metal containing phase reduction and simultaneously the polymeric phase hydrocarbon part oxidation. 

Polyolefins and chlorine-containing polymers were investigated to produce polymer nanocomposites. Natural and oiganic-treated montmorillonite clays were melt compounded with the polymers. Oiganic-treated montmorillonite clay dispersed well in polychloroprene, chlorinated-polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated-... 

Even though this technique has been mostly used with water-soluble polymers, such as PEO, polyvinyl ether (PVE), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) [134-141], intercalation from nonaqueous solutions has also been reported [142-145]. For example, high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-based nanocomposites have been prepared by dissolving HDPE in a mixture of xylene and benzonitrile with dispersed organomodified layered silicates (OMLSs). The nanocomposite was then recovered by precipitation from tetrahydrofuran (THE) [143], Polystyrene (PS)/OMLS-exfoliated nanocomposites have also been prepared by the solution intercalation technique, by mixing pure PS and organophilic clay with adsorbed cetyl pyrid-ium chloride [146]. Similarly, several studies have focused on the preparation of polylactide (PLA)-layered silicate nanocomposites using intercalation from solution. 

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