Polystyrene tricresyl phosphate solution

E. Riande, H. Markovitz, D.J. Plazek, and N. Raghupathi, "Viscoelastic Behavior of Polystyrene-Tricresyl Phosphate Solutions," J. Poly. Sci. Polym. Symp., (1975). 

Light intensity due to birefringence versus time after the start-up of purely extensional flow for the polystyrene-tricresyl phosphate solution. From Fuller and Leal (1981). 

The impression of a simple relationship given by Fig. 12.7 is misleading since a continuously decreasing negative slope is indicated. For polystyrene, PS, solutions in toluene [58] and OT-tricresyl phosphate [59,60] this has been shown not to be the case. In 1964 Braun and Kovacs reported results on the polystyrene/toluene system which showed two descending curves which came together in a cusp [58] (see Fig. 12.8). The results were rationalized by fitting the Kelley-Bueche equation [61],... 

Pezzin et al. found the same kind of behavior exhibited by polyvinyl chloride PVC in two different plasticizers, dibutyl phthalate, DBP, and dicyclohexylphthalate, DCHP [62,63]. The same two equations provided excellent fits to the PVC solution data (see Fig. 12.9). For polystyrene dissolved in w-tricresyl phosphate, TCP, additional factors were noted. 

An interesting consequence of this relation is the possibility of a critical value of Vi above which Tg decreases much more rapidly with increasing Ui this discontinuity has been observed for polystyrene diluted with toluene, and also in solutions of polystyrene in tricresyl phosphate, which exhibit two glass transitions in a certain concentration range. )... 

The differences in spectral shape are of course reflected in the other viscoelastic functions, especially the loss tangent, which is always the most sensitive. The loss tangents for poly(/t-butyl methacrylate) and three of its solutions are plotted in Fig. 17-11 with the frequency scale reduced in the same way as the abscissa in Fig. 17-10. They show some degree of broadening with increasing dilution, but their maxima remain considerably above the theoretical value of 1.0 which would be predicted throughout the rq ition zone by the flexible chain theory in its simple form. Similar behavior has bwn reported for concentrated solutions of polystyrene in tricresyl phosphate, by Wasser and Kurath. ... 

In other studies of creep of solutions of polystyrene in tricresyl phosphate and creep and dynamic properties of polystyrene in benzyl -butyl phthalate, a slightly higher concentration dependence has been observed. An example is shown in Fig. 17-15, where points are plotted from various integration procedures like equations 3 to 5 of Chapter 13. The slope of the logarithmic plot is 2.2 to 2.3. In these studies, data at different temperatures must be reduced to a reference temperature, and it is uncertain whether G% should be directly proportional to cT (cf. Fig. 13-10 and associated discussion) if it is, an exponent near 2 is obtained. In recent measurements on solutions of polybutadiene, which do not require temperature reduction for comparison, an exponent between 2.2 and 2.3 has also been obtained. ... 

Optically measured shear stress as a function of time for various distances from the outer, rotating wall of a Couette cell. The solution was a 0.5 wt % mixture of polystyrene (molecular weight 2x 10 ) in tricresyl phosphate. The other wall of the Couette cell was impulsively started to a speed of Scm/s. The ratio y/Z> measures the distance tom the outer cylinder, normalized by the gq> separation. From Fuller (1990). 

Figure 11.7 Measurements (symbols) versus predictions (lines) of the full MLD model for the shear stress crand first normal stress difference N, for a 10 wt% solution of polystyrene of molecular weight 2 million in tricresyl phosphate at 40 °C [36].The number of entanglements per chain is around Z = 16.7. = 11,500 dyn/cm and = 2.08 s were obtained by fitting the data.

Figure 27 Glass transition temperatures of polystyrene solutions with various low molecular weight diluents , ) -naphthyl salicylate +, phenyl salicylate O, tricresyl phosphate 0 methyl salicylate nitrobenzene 0, chloroform x, methyl acetate , ethyl acetate , carbon disulfide , benzene toluene A, amyl butyrate (after ref. 181, as cited in ref. 57, with...

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