Polystyrene metal plating

ThermoFuel (1) A process for making diesel fuel from waste plastic. Preferred plastics are polyethylene and polystyrene. The plastic is first melted in an extruder and then pyrolyzed continuously in a cylindrical chamber at 370°C-420°C, giving a Cg to C g hydrocarbon mixture having a peak at C,g. An important feature is the incorporation of a catalytic reaction tower after the main pyrolysis reactor, which incorporates metal plates made from a proprietary catalytic metal alloy. Distillation yields an average of 930 L of diesel per ton of waste plastic. Developed by Ozmotech, Australia, and now offered by EnviroSmart Technologies of Roosendaal, the Netherlands. In 2006, there were plans for 31 installations in Europe to be made over the next 4 years. 

Lipotin NE Sodium hydroxide Sodium polystyrene sulfonate Versa-TL 70 Versa-TL 77 Versa-TL 502 dispersant, metal plating... 

A well-known high conversion reactor is the so-called polymerization press, a modified plate-and-frame filter press where polystyrene is polymerized in frames alternating between cooling platens through which water (or steam) can be circulated. Other versions of the high conversion reactor have been utilized, e.g., the early "can process of Dow, where styrene monomer was placed in sealed cans in water baths and the metal stripped off at the end of the polymerization 2). 

Several workers have used this approach to metalate hydrocarbon polymers. Plate and co-workers (98), for example, metalated polystyrene and monitored the butane evolution by gas chromatography. They reported a 40% catalyst efficiency. However, they did not report the grafting efficiency or the overall effectiveness of this metalating reagent. 

Reproducibility of immunoassay results can be adversely affected by variations in the chemical formulation of different lots of plastics used as the solid phase (see section on Solid Phase Materials). Therefore, use of a thin coating of one lot of plastic over a material like metal for millions of tests could be important in standardizing immunoassay techniques. Extremely small amounts of polycarbonate (or other plastics) are required for putting a thin coating on steel beads. Therefore, one small commercial lot of plastic (e.g., one 212 pound 4x8 foot sheet of polycarbonate) would be sufficient to prepare beads for over 100 million tests. Plastic solid phases employing Microtiter plates, test tubes, and polystyrene beads require relatively large quantities of plastic for fabrication and, con-... 

CdS is used in the semiconductor industry (Bruce and O Hare 1996), and also extensively as a pigment. The available pigment colors are mostly yellow, orange, red to Bordeaux red as (Hg,Cd)S and Cd(S,Se), and are used in polystyrene, polyethene, polypro-pene, and polycarbonate. The pigments belong to the most brilliant inorganic compounds and are prepared from either Cd metal or metal salts they are insoluble in water (Bucher et al. 1984). Other important uses of Cd include plating (Cd-coated steel), batteries, and in polyvinyl chloride (as a stabilizer, especially in outdoor window frames). 

A standard three-electrode cell equipped with an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and a platinum mesh or stainless steel counter electrode was used for the metal electroplating. Before immersing the polystyrene templates into the plating solution they were dipped into methanol to enable the infiltration of the hydrophobic meso-pores by the aqueous electrolyte. Subsequently, the samples were rinsed with deionized water, dried, and electively freed from the styrenic template by dissolution in toluene for several minutes. Platinum metal was deposited potentiostatically at room... 

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