Polypyrroles graft copolymers

Figure 1.22 The structure of self-doped polypyrrole graft copolymer (Reprinted with permission from Macromolecules, 38, 1044. Copyright (2005) American Chemical Society.)...

C. Ozdilek, J. Hacaloglu, L. Toppare, Y. Yagci, Structural and thermal characterization of PTSA doped polypyrrole-polytetrahydrofuran graft copolymer, Synthetic Metals 2004, 140, 69. 

This chapter is divided into two main parts polythiophene copolymers and polypyrrole copolymers. Each part reviews the random copolymerization of the heterocyclic monomer and important derivatives, principally those with substituents at the 3-position of thiophene and at the 1- and 3-positions of pyrrole. Alternating, block and graft copolymers are covered in both segments. Because applications of conducting polymers are reviewed in Volume 4, only applications unique to specify copolymers are covered here. In addition, a few theoretical studies dealing with conducting copolymers are reviewed. 

The objective was to improve solubility and processability of polypyrrole. But the graft copolymers containing 6.9% pyrrole are totally insoluble. The polymer with 1.4 wt% pyrrole is soluble through a 0.02 pm filter. 

Tirkes, S Toppare, L Onen, A Yagci, Y. Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase in Polypyrrole/Polytetrahydrofuran Graft Copolymers. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2002 30, 81-87. 

M. Area, E. Area, A. Yiliz, and O. Guven, Preparation of an Electroactive Copolymer by Radiation-Induced Grafting of n-Vinyl-4-Pyridine onto Polypyrrole, Radiat. Phys. Chem. 31 647 (1988). 

Poly (thiophene)s are of particular interest as electfochromic materials owing to their chemical stability, ease of synthesis and processability. For the most part, current research has been focused on composites, blends and copolymer formations of several conjugated polyheterocyclics, polythiophene and its derivatives, especially PEIX)T. In one example, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT)/poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-l-propanesulfonate) (PAMPS) composite films were prepared by Sonmez et al. for alternative electrochromic applications [50]. Thin composite films comprised of PEDOT/PAMPS were reported to switch rapidly between oxidized and neufial states, in less than 0.4 s, with an initial optical contrast of 76% at A.max. 615 nm. Nanostructured blends of electrochromic polymers such as polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) were developed via self-assembly by Inganas etal. for application as an electrochromic window [26]. Uniir etal. developed a graft-type electrochromic copolymer of polythiophene and polytetrahydrofuran for use in elecfiochromic devices [51]. Two EDOT-based copolymers, poly[(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-aZ/-(2,5-dioctyloxyphenylene)] and poly[(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-aft-(9,9 -dioctylfluorene)] were developed by Aubert et al. as other candidates for electrochromic device development [52],... 

An approach used to improve the mechanical properties of polypyrrole was the graft copolymerization of pyrrole with pyrrole-derivatized polystyrene [152]. The base polymer was obtained by the copolymerization of styrene and 4-chloromethylstyr-ene, followed by reaction with potassium pyrrole. The copolymer was dissolved in acetonitrile together with a... 

A. Bhattacharya, A. De, and S. N. Bhattacharyya, Preparation of polypyrrole composite with acrylic acid-grafted tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene (Teflon-FEP) copolymer, Synth. Met. 65 35 (1994). 

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