Polyols, Monosaccharides, Carbohydrates

Prisms (EtOH-acetone), mp 102-103 °C, [a]o + 12 (saturated borax solution, c 2.00) 

Deriv Pentaacetyl-D-arabitol, mp 74-75 °C, [a]o + 37.2 (CHCI3), by acetylation of D-arabitol with ACjO-pyridine StL Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. 

Deriv Tetraacetyl-meso-erythritol, mp 89 °C, by acetylation of meso-erythritol with AC2O-pyridine 

132 °C, [a]i3 - 91 (CHClj), by acetylation of D-ffuctose with ACjO StL Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. 

StL Neuropogon aurantiaco-ater (Jacq.) Lamb Lit Baron et al. 1991 

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Monosaccharide sugars and polyols are carbohydrate materials of considerable commercial value and interest to the commercial food sector. They all occur in nature, and function effectively as components of substances that are used as food nutrients. They function, however. 

The simplest carbohydrates, sometimes referred to as monosaccharides, or sugars, are either polyhydroxyaldehydes (aldoses) or polyhydroxyketones (ketoses). They can be derived from polyalcohols (polyols) by oxidation of one carbinol group to a carbonyl group. For example, the simple three-carbon triol, glycerol, can be converted either to the aldotriose, glyceraldehyde, or to the ketotriose, dihydroxyacetone, by loss of two hydrogens (fig. 12.1). 

The main focus in this chapter will be on monosaccharide sugars and polyols that are used commercially, or, alternatively, that have commercial opportunity or potential. Furthermore, the focus will be exclusively on monosaccharide materials, even though other low molecular weight carbohydrates, such as disaccharides, might have similar or even superior functionalities. 

This t) e of column was employed, for example, for the determination of several t) es of carbohydrates in vegetable and fruits, including oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols [1]. In the HILIC mode separations similar to those obtained in the normal-phase (NP) mode are obtained, although using reversed-phase (RP) compatible solvents for their elution. At present, new columns for ITILIC that could be interesting for carbohydrates analysis are under development, like columns based on immobilized secondary and tertiary amines. 

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