Polymorphonuclear leukocytes basophils

LEUKOCYTES. Leukocytes are white blood cells involved in the cellular and humoral defense of the organism against foreign materials. They are grouped into two classes polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which comprise neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, and mononuclear leukocytes that include lymphocytes and monocytes. Of these, neutrophils and lymphocytes have been suggested as potential cellular carriers. 

Neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes are all affected by several or all of these factors. Binding to specific receptors results in a variety of changes in the cells. These include alterations in membrane potential, cyclic nucleotide levels, and ion fluxes (Na+, K+, Ca2+) as well as increased methylation of specific proteins. 

Granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils/mast cells"... 

Arachidonic acid released from membrane phospholipids or other sources is metabolized by the LO pathway to the smooth muscle contractile and vasoactive leukotrienes (LT), LTC4, and LTD4, as well as to the potent chemoattractant LTB4. These molecules are intimately involved in inflammation, asthma, and allergy, as well as in other multiple physiological and pathological processes. For example, cirsiliol (3, 4, 5-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone) proved to be a potent inhibitor of 5-LO (IC50, 0.1 pM) derived from basophilic leukemia cells and peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. 

Specifically, the giant papillae found in VKC consist of dense fibrous tissue (connective tissue hyperplasia) as well as eosinophils, mast cells, basophils, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages. Mucous discharge contains eosinophils. Trantas dots, which appear as elevated white opacities at the limbus, contain eosinophils and epithelial cells. 

Polymorphonuclear leukocyte A white blood cell which possesses a nucleus composed of two or more lobes or parts a granulocyte (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil). 

The occurrence of 5-lipoxygenase was implicated from the isolation of 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid produced from arachidonic add by rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes [194]. The enzyme is now known to initiate the biosynthetic pathway of some leukotrienes, and is considered to occur in various leukotriene-synthesizing tissues rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes [194], murine mastocytoma cells [201], human polymorphonuclear leukocytes [202], rat peritoneal mononuclear cells [203,204], rat basophilic leukemia cells [205,206], and horse eosinophils [207]. The 10000 X g supernatant of rat basophilic leukemia cells produces 5-hydroxy arachidonic acid, and the reaction requires the presence of caldum ion and glutathione [206]. The 100000 X g supernatant of guinea pig peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes contains a 5-lipoxygenase, which also requires calcium ion and produces 5-hydroperoxy acid in the absence of glutathione [199]. 

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