Polymers regular, structure-based nomenclature

Table 6. Examples of structure-based nomenclature for regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers...

The rules of structure-based nomenclature of regular single-strand organic polymers are of fundamental importance in polymer nomenclature. The names of other kinds of polymers such as double-strand [7] and irregular polymers [8] are based on the principles given in this Report. 

Alternating sequence arrangements can form constitutionally regular structures and may, in those cases, also be named utilizing the structure-based nomenclature for regular single-strand organic polymers. The example above would be then named... 

A Macromolecular Division of IUPAC was created in 1967, and it created a permanent Commission on Macromolecular Nomenclature, parallel to the other nomenclature commissions. The Commission over the years has issued recommendations on basic definitions, stereochemical definitions and notations, structure-based nomenclature for regular singlestrand organic polymers and regular single-strand and quasi-singlc-strand inorganic and coordination polymers, source-based nomenclature for polymers and abbreviations for polymers. All of these are collected in a compendium referred to as the IUPAC Purple Book. 

For organic, regular, single-strand polymers the structure-based system of naming polymers should be used. This nomenclature describes chemical structures rather than substances. Three steps are to be followed in a sequence 1. Identify the constitutional repeating unit, CRU. 2. Orient the CRU. 

Structure-based nomenclature is also applicable to copolymers having a regular structure, regardless of the starting materials used [viz. poly (oxy ethylene-oxyterephthaloyl)]. In principle, it should be possible to extend the existing structure-based nomenclature beyond regular, single-strand polymers to polymers that have reacted, cross-linked polymers, ladder polymers, and other more complicated systems. 

Stereochemical Definitions and Notations. Structure-based nomenclature of regular pol5mers (10) can denote stereochemical featiu-es if the repeating unit used is the configurational base unit, ie, a constitutional repeating unit having one or more sites of defined stereoisomerism in the main chain of a polymer molecule (22). Structure-based names are then derived in the usual fashion. The various stereochemical features that are possible in a polsmer must be defined. 

Table 8. Examples of Structure-Based Nomenclature for Regular Double-Strand (Ladder and Spiro) Organic Polymers...

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Nomenclature of Regular Double-Strand (Ladder and Spiro) Organic Polymers (Recommendations 1993), PureAppL Chem., 65,1561-1580 (1993). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Structure-Based Nomenclature for Irregular Single-Strand Organic Polymers (Recommendations 1994), PureAppL Chem., 66,873-889 (1994). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Source-Based Nomenclature for Non-Linear Macromolecules and Macromolecular Assemblies (Recommendations 1997). PureAppL Chem., 69, 2511— 2521 (1997). 

Structure-based nomenclature of regular pol)oners can denote stereochemical features if the CRU has one or more sites of defined stereoisomerism in the main chain of the polymer molecule. 

Structure-based and source-based nomenclature rules have been extended to regular double-strand (ladder and spiro) organic polymers [7]. A double-strand polymer is defined as a polymer the molecules of which are formed by an uninterrupted sequence of rings with adjacent rings having one atom in common (spiro polymer) or two or more atoms in common (ladder polymer). 

Most trivial names, such as polystyrene, are source-based names. Hitherto, the Commission has not systematically recommended source-based names for homopolymers because it considered that the more rigorous structure-based names were more appropriate for scientific communications. However, since the publication of Nomenclature of Regular Single-Strand Organic Polymers in 1976, scientists, in both industry and academia, have continued to use trivial names. Even the Commission itself adopted (1985) a source-based nomenclature for copolymers because of its simplicity and practicality. Based on these facts, the Commission has now decided to recommend source-based... 

StruCtur6-BaSGd Nomenclature. When the regular structure of a polymer is well documented, or can be confidently assiuned, in addition to the main entry with a source-based name, a supplementary entry is made for the SRU and its accompanjdng systematic structure-based name. 

Structure-Based Polymer Nomenclature Regular Single-Strand Polymers... 

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