Polymers grafting from

Hyperbranched Polymers Grafted from Planar Surfaces. 28... 

Hyperbranched Polymers Grafted from Spherical Particles. 31... 

Fig. 15. Schematic representation of the synthesis of hyperbranched, branched, and linear polymers grafted from functionalized silicon wafers SFM images and XPS spectra of the surface-grafted polymers. (Reproduced with permission from [48],Copyright 2001 American Chemical Society.)...

Fig. 5.8 Examples of polymers grafted from nanocarbons, (a) An ATRP initiator covalently attached to RGO via nitrene and carbodiimide chemistry was used for the growth of poly(2-(ethyl (phenyl)amino)ethyl-methacrylate). (b) A RAFT chain transfer agent is covalently attached to GO prior to polymerization of vinylcarbozole.

Esteves ACC, Bombalski L, Trindade T, et al. (2007) Polymer grafting from Cds quantum dots via AGET ATRP in miniemulsion. Small 3 1230-1236... 

Dne to the bifnnctionality of substituted aryl diazonium cations, they have been employed for polymer grafting from the early years of their modern surface chemistry when an epoxy resin was grafted to 4-aminophenyl-modified carbon fibers [288]. Becanse the dediazonation provides reactive radical species toward surfaces, one can take advantage of the functional group in the para position to attach polymers and, therefore, design new materials [6,118,289]. 

The grafting-to approach is experimentally simple, but is limited by a low grafting density because of steric crowding of reactive sites by the adsorbed polymers. Grafting-from (also called surface-initiated polymerization) is a powerful method for the preparation of polymer brushes, involving polymerization of monomers from a substrate with surface-anchored initiator species or initiator sites (Barbey et al. 2009 Zhao and Brittain 2000). 

Li, G., Xue, H., Cbeng, G., Cben, S., Zbang, R, Jiang, S., 2008. Ultralow fouling zwitterionic polymers grafted from surfaces covered with an initiator via an adhesive mussel mimetic linkage. J. Pbys. Cbem. B 112, 15269-15274. bttp //dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp8058728. 

Mention may finally be made of graft polymers derived from natural rubber which have been the subject of intensive investigation but which have not achieved commercial significance. It has been found that natural rubber is an efficient chain transfer agent for free-radical polymerisation and that grafting appears to occur by the mechanism shown in Figure 30.8. 

Grafting from An active site generated along a polymer backbone starts to propagate monomer and thus produces branches. 

The preparation of polymer brushes by controlled radical polymerization from appropriately functionalized polymer chains, surfaces or particles by a grafting from approach has recently attracted a lot of attention.742 743 The advantages of growing a polymer brush directly on a surface include well-defined grafts, when the polymerization kinetics exhibit living character, and stability due to covalent attachment of the polymer chains to the surface. Most work has used ATRP or NMP, though papers on the use of RAFT polymerization in this context also have begun to appear. 

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