Polymerizable surfactants butyl acrylate

The acylation of alcohol-containing monomers, e.g. hydroxyethyl acrylates or vinyl benzyl alcohol with maleic, succinic or sulfosuccinic anhydride leads to bifunctional polymerizable surfactants. A range of such products has been synthesized and tested in batch polymerization and core-shell polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate [26]. In both cases good stability, high conversion and little burying of the Surfmers were observed. Water rebound was also limited. These advantageous features were however offset by an unacceptable resistance to electrolytes and to freeze-thaw. 

Schoonbrood, H.A.S., Unzue, MJ., Beck, O. and Asua, J.M. (1997) Reactive surfactants in heterophase polymerization. 7. Emulsion copolymerization mechanism involving three anionic polymerizable surfactants (surfmers) with styrene-butyl acrylate acrylic acid. Macromolecules, 30, 6024-33. 

The acylation of alcohol-containing monomers, such as hydroxyethyl acrylates and methacrylates or vinylbenzyl alcohol, with maleic, or succinic, or sulfosuccinic anhydride, allows easy preparation of bifunctional polymerizable surfactants [64]. Some among these compounds, listed in Table 5, have been engaged in batch polymerization of styrene as well as in core-shell copolymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate. Stable latexes have been obtained in both cases, with only low floe production. A high conversion of the surfmers was most often reached, with little burying. However, these latexes do not show a noticeable resistance to the addition of electrolytes and cannot withstand freezing tests these features are not so surprising because their stabilization is only electrostatic and in no way steric. It can be noted, however, that their water rebound is somewhat limited, unless their water... 

The products were polymers of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, or their copolymer. The amount of surfactant was about 9% of the monomers and for the cosurfactant the feature was only 1 %. When the same surfactant was used with pentanol as cosurfactant or with no cosurfactant, the particle size distribution was much broader, even bimodal. The latexes were shown to be stable vs. electrolyte (aluminum sulfate), and also for several freeze-thaw cycles. These features were attributed more to the nature of the surfactant than to the use of polymerizable cosurfactant. 

Aramendia et al. [20] have compared the nonreactive sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) to the polymerizable sodium tetradecyl maleate (M14), synthesized according to the procedure described by Stahler [21] in the seeded polymerization of methyl methacrylate/butyl acry-late/acrylic acid using tert-butyl hydroperoxide and ascorbic acid as initiator. Nonyl phenol 30 EO (NP30) was the nonionic surfactant used in the seed latex. Latex characterization... 

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