Polymeric surfactants infrared

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SEC) coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to determine polymeric surfactants in various polymers [56, 57]. 

Raynor et al separated additives in complex mixtures by capillery supercritical flow chromatography and deposited the separated products in potassium bromide discs prior to measurement of their infrared spectra by FTIR spectroscopy. Supercritical flow chromatography coupled with F.T. infrared spectroscopy (SFC-FTIR) has been used to provide quantitative information on and characterization of a range of polymeric surfactants. Bartle et al and Chester also investigated this technique. 

The hydrophobic monomers styrene and MMA were copolymerized with the sodium salt of vinylbenzylsulfosuccinic acid as a polymerizable surfactant grafting of the surfactant onto the particles was estimated to be about 50-75% [51]. A polymerizable surfactant was formed by the esterification of hydroxypropylmethacrylate or hydroxyethyhnethacrylate with succinic anhydride [53]. However, in addition to the surfmer, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was employed to provide a sufficient stability to the latexes. A mono-fluorooctyl maleate surfactant was used to stabilize the polymerization of styrene in miniemulsion [55]. Although the polymerizable moiety was not fixed at the end of the fluorinated chain (the hydrophobe part), the surfactant could be copolymerized with the styrene monomer. Subsequently, on comparison of the infrared (IR) spectra (vibration of -CF2 and -CFj) before and after dialysis, it was estimated that 92% of the surfactant had remained grafted post-dialysis. 

Structure studies of diyne surfactants are complicated by the fact that single crystals — whenever obtained — are extremely thin and fragile and rapidly polymerize in the X-ray beam. Thus a full structure analysis of any of the compounds either as a monomer or polymer is still lacking up to the present All informations on structure and structure changes during polymerization are based on morphological studies by polarizing and electron microscopy as well as structure studies by electron diffraction infrared spectroscopy . ... 

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