Polymeric supports covalently groups

Reactive Organic Functional Groups Covalently Bound on Polymeric Supports and Solid Surfaces... 

RPC-5 and other mixed mode chromatographic techniques are based on ionic as well as on hydrophobic interactions. RPC-5 is the earliest of these techniques having been introduced more than 20 years ago [26]. The resin applied originally consists of a charged reversed-phase matrix with a quaternary ammonium derivative (such as methyltrialkyl (Cg-Cjo) ammonium chloride) being adsorbed on a non-porous polymer support such as Plaskon or Teflon. In contrast to other HPLC-resins, the surface-forming groups of RPC-5 are physically adsorbed to the polymeric support and are not covalently bound therefore RPC-5, in principle, can be called a... 

A variant of the ELISA method is the so-called Time-resolved immunoassay." This type of assay also uses a polymeric support containing the capture antibody. The second labeled antibody has a covalently bound chelating group which contains a lanthanide such as europium (Figure 19.56). Detection is accomplished by addition of a... 

Most enzymes in their natural environments do not behave exactly as they do in vitro. Cellular enzymes, for example, function either in an environment resembling a gel or while absorbed at interfaces or in solid-state arrays, such as those existing in mitochondria. It follows that if an enzyme could be immobilized on a polymeric support by covalent binding through a group other than the active site of the enzyme, it could... 

The examples summarized above are but indicative of the increasing body of evidence in support of the chemical bonding theory, and of the role of the silane organofunctional group in the formation of covalent bonds at the coupling agent/ matrix interphase by reaction or by co-polymerization with the formation of an interpenetrating polymer network. 

Membranes can be used as well as a supporting material for immobilisation (e.g. polycarbonate membranes with created amino groups on the surface that allow covalent binding with glutaraldehyde). Entrapment of enzymes on electrode surfaces can be carried out with polymeric membranes such as polyacrylamide and gelatine, or by electropolymerisation of small monomers (o-phenylenediamine). Enzyme encapsulation within a sol-gel matrix has also been reported. 

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