Polymeric materials impedance measurements

A wide range of materials can be usefully characterized by IS, namely electrical and structural ceramics, magnetic ferrites, semiconductors, membranes, polymeric materials, and protective paint films. The measurement techniques used to characterize materials are generally simpler than those used for electrode processes. Impedance spectra are usually independent of applied potential (both ac amplitude and dc bias) up to potentials of 1V or more. Consequently, it is unnecessary to fix the potential of electrodes, as is the case with potentiostatic experiments, and two-electrode symmetrical cells are commonly used. 

Impedance/capacitance measurements of sorption equilibria of gases in polymeric materials ... 

Frequency response analysis (FRA 6.3.2) lOOpHz-lOMHz A sinusoidal voltage signal is applied and the analyzer measures the frequency dependence of the complex impedance between the electrical ports of a system under test, at a given temperature Extremely precise results for any form of polymeric materials (hquid, sohd, thin flhn, etc.) The turnkey BDS concept 10,20, or 40 systems, available from Novocontrol the first two are economical versions of BDS 40, but the sample cell has to be ordered separately... 

Resistance, Conductance. In some applications the plastics resistance or its reciprocal, the conductance is of functional significance, eg, in electronic circuits for which high resistance or impedance is of operational importance. More often resistance is used to measure indirectly the influence of other factors, such as moisture, which may affect electric strength. Resistance measurements are also useful in studying resin cure, determining the presence of impurities, and investigating the fundamental characteristics of polymeric materials. An extensive review of the theoretical aspects of conductivity is given in Ref. 41. 

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