Polymeric Materials for Surface Modification

Polymeric materials for surface modification have been described in detail (70). Cells can be aligned in a complicated form using an inkjet printer. 

Studies of the cytocompatibility indicated that all poly (urethane)s are nontoxic. The sulfonic acid groups affect solubility in water imder alkaline conditions and the materials become insoluble in acidic conditions. This pH sensitivity makes the pol5uner attractive for biopiinting applications. By adding acetic acid into an inkjet cartridge and printing it onto a poly(urethane)s solution with a pH above 8.7, precision fabricated scaffolds can be obtained (71). 

the sulfonic acid groups improve the blood compatibility. This can be basically explained as the electrostatic repulsion between 

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Y. Teremura, H. Chen, N. Takemoto, K. Sakurai, and H. Iwata, "Polymeric materials for surface modification," in S. Dumitriu, ed.. Polymeric biomaterials, chapter 10, pp. 273-286. CRC Press, Taylor Francis Group, Boca Raton, 2013. 

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