Polymeric films electropolymerization

The development of polypyrroles bearing supported diphosphine ligands protected from oxidation by borane groups has been reported.86 The polymer was produced by the electropolymerization of l-(7V-but-4-yl-pyrrol)-l,2-bis(diphenylphosphinoborane) (62) (Fig. 40). These preformed polymeric films lend themselves to the incorporation... 

Polymeric films of [(//5-C s Me5)M(L)Cl]+complexes (M = Ir, Rh L = pyrrole-substituted bpy or phen) have been coated on an electrode by oxidative electropolymerization. The buildup of hydrido complexes in films is well known 27,28,30 the high electrocatalytic activity of these molecular electrode materials towards dihydrogen evolution in organic and aqueous electrolytes is also well known.25,31 For example, H2 is evolved at —0.55 V vs. SCE at a poly [(j75-C5Me5)-Rh(bpy)Cl]+ film in pH 1 aqueous solution.31... 

Metallopolymer films have also been prepared by oxidative polymerization of complexes of the type [M(phen)2(4,4 -bipy)2]2+ (M = Fe, Ru, or Os phen= 1,10-phenanthroline, 4,4 -bipy = 4,4 -bipyridine).23 Such films are both oxidatively and reductively electrochromic reversible film-based reduction at potentials below —IV lead to dark purple films,23 the color and potential region being consistent with the viologen dication/radical cation electrochromic response. A purple state at high negative potentials has also been observed for polymeric films prepared from [Ru(L13)3]2+.24 Electropolymerized films prepared from the complexes [Ru(L16)-(bipy)2][PF6]22 and [Ru(L17)3][PF6]226,27 exhibit reversible orange/transparent electrochromic behavior associated with the Run/Ruin interconversion. 

Another form of electro-decoration is electropolymerization of the MPc complex, especially the MTAPc complex such as the NiTAPc onto CNT-modified electrodes [13], The beauty of this technique is that the thickness and morphology of the resulting MPc polymeric film may be easily controlled by manipulating the deposition voltage, the number of cycle scans and concentration of the MPc solution. 

Interestingly, such a study very recently led to the serendipitous discovery that, when operating in the presence of very low levels of nucleophiles, may be oxidatively electropolymerized, thus forming stable conducting polymeric films able to transport both holes and electrons, a feature that is not possessed by many organic systems.27... 

Oxide, flouride, and polymeric films, as well as certain others, are used as protective coatings for HTSC materials (for example, see [505]). The electrodeposition of conducting polymers such as polypyrrole [433,491, 493, 506], polythiophene and its derivatives [493, 507], and polyaniline [478] is the most effective process. Anodic electropolymerization in acetonitrile solutions proceeds without any degradation of the HTSC substrate and ensures continuous and uniform coatings. Apparently, this method is promising not only for the fabrication of compositions with special properties based on HTSC [50, 28,295] as mentioned above, but also for the creation of junctions with special characteristics [507]. 

V. Yegnaraman and A.M. Yacynych, Enzyme immobilization on ultramicroelectrodes through electropolymerization effect of polymeric film thickness on the amperometric response of the electrode. Bull. Electrochem., 16 (2000) 21-24. 

Electropolymerization based on polymerizable vinyl groups has provided a general procedure for the preparation of a variety of films on electrodes (34). Polymeric films have been deposited on Pt, Au, Sn02 Ti02 and vitreous carbon electrodes, although most of the experiments described here have been carried out on Pt. Films have been prepared by electroreductions based on 4-methyl-dine (vbpy), trans-4 -X-stilbazoles, (trans-... 

Polymeric films active in the mediated oxidation of NADH have been prepared and studied. Films of the electropolymerized conducting polymer, poly(3-methylthionine) (P3MT) on platinum electrodes displayed a catalytic activity toward NADH oxidation and yielded extremely stable films with high resistance toward surface passivation. Hajizadeh et immobilized the electron transfer... 

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