Polymeric dopants

The sodium salts and the acids of poly-3(2-ethanesul-fonate) thiophene and poly-3-(4-butanesulfonate) thiophene are the first known examples of water soluble CPs many other examples of water-soluble, self-doped CPs are given in recent reviews. Indeed, it is well known that the incorporation of highly soluble sulfonate groups on the CP backbone is a common method of achieving water solubility in a doped CP. The two most popular routes are the use of sulfonated polymeric dopants and the polymerization of sulfonated monomers. 

PANI or PPy with polymeric dopant sulfonated -PE, -SEES, -PS, etc. electrically conductive polymeric systems with good mechanical properties Cross Fines, 1995... 

Figure 10.16 A general concept for the production of nanowires an AFM is used as a nanomechanical tool for scratching a resist layer, to result in selective exposure of the underlying polymeric dopant surface containing the catalyst for polymerization. Treatment with the pyrrole monomer results in polymerization in the nanochannels. (Reprinted with permission from ChemPhysChem, In Situ Polymerisation of Pyrrole in Nanochannels Produced by Means of AFM Lithography by S. Jahromi, ). Dijkstra, E. van der Vegte and B. Mostert, 3, 8, 693-696. Copyright (2002) Wiley-VCH)...

Polymer complexes of PANI and a polymeric dopant such as polyfacrylic acid) or poly (methylvinlyether-flZt-maleic add) have been synthesized using what the authors describe as a template-guided synthetic method to form aqueous solutions or dispersions of the complex [230]. An advantage of these polymer complexes is that they remain conductive at pH value up to 9, making them potentially usefiil in marine environments. The PANI complexes were used as additives (l%-5%) in a commercial waterborne epoxy, which was then applied to various A1 alloys (AA 2024-T3, AA 7075-T6, and AA 6061). The coatings were found effective in inhibiting corrosion of the A1 alloys in air-saturated seawater. 

Aleshin, A. N., Mironkov, N. B., Suvorov, A. V., Conklin, J. A., Su, T. M., and Kaner, R. B., Electrical properties of ion implanted and chemically doped polyaniline films, in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings on Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid State Materials III, Vol. 413, 1996, p. 609. Cameron, D. A., and Reynolds, J, R., Conducting molecular composites of polypyrrole with electroactive polymeric dopant ions, ACS Proc., 37, 684 (1996). 

Another area in the field of conductive polymers involves the use of polymeric dopants in blends with conjugated polymers. It has been observed that this yields effective doping, leading to high electrical conductivity of the cast films. Polymers with strong acid groups... 

TABLE 3-1 Emittance (e) and Solar Absorptance (a s) values calculated for a Poly-(aromatic Amine) system with a polymeric dopant in several device configurations (here labeled CONI, CON2, and CONS), from difriise reflectance data, as a function of applied potential in 2-electrode mode. Data courtesy of Ashwin -Ushas Corp., Inc. 

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