Polymer peptide-mediated

Zhang Y, Wang Y, Liu B (2009) Peptide-mediated energy transfer between an anionic water-soluble conjugated polymer and Texas red labeled DNA for protease and nuclease activity study. Anal Chem 81 3731-3737... 

Alternative total solid phase-based strategies for the preparation of polymer-peptide block copolymers were based on the polymerization of the synthetic polymer block from the supported peptide segment using either nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization (NMP) or ATRP (Fig. 15) [64,65]. 

Kros et al. reported a polymer-peptide conjugate prepared via nickel-mediated NCA polymerization and a subsequent polymerization of an isocyanide, again using the nickel complex as initiator [111]. The active catalyst is attacked by the more electrophilic isocyanide and the coordinated amine reacts with the isocyanide to yield a carbene-like initiator for the isocyanide polymerization (see Fig. 14). The product can be purified from free residual homopolymers by selective solvent... 

Boronates have been used in a variety of linker types either as linkers for diols [42] or as precursors for metal-mediated cleavage. A boronic acid ester, which contains an aryl iodide moiety attached by an appropriate tether, can act as an intramolecular arylation agent. A polymer-bound precursor furnished a macrocydic constrained / -tum peptide mimic via biaryl coupling, leading to cleavage [43] (Scheme 6.1.10). 

In view of the rapid reaction of carbodiimides with water they are often used in dehydration reactions. Major examples are the intra- and intermolecular esterification reactions of carboxylic acids, and the formation of peptides from carboxylic acids and protected amino acids. Especially, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) or diisopropylcar-bodiimide (DIPCD) are often used in carbodiimide mediated reactions because the corresponding urea byproducts are insoluble in most organic solvents and water, and therefore are readily removed by filtration. Also, water soluble carbodiimides, such as N-ethyl-N -(3-dimethylamino)propylcarbodiimide (EDC) or its hydrochloride (EDCCl, sometimes referred to as EDAC) are often used in these reactions. EDC reacts with carboxyl groups at pH of 4.0-6.0, but loses its reactivity at lower pH. Sometimes solid phase reactions are conducted using carbodiimide terminated linear or crosslinked polymers. 

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