Polymer microfluidic chips

J. Rossier, F. Reymond and P.E. Michel, Polymer microfluidic chips for electrochemical and biochemical analysis, Electrophoresis, 23 (2002) 858-867. 

Noerholm, M., Bruus, H., Jakobsen, M.H., Telleman, P., Ramsing, N.B., Polymer microfluidic chip for online monitoring of microarray hybridizations. Labchip 2004, 4, 28-37. 

Flachsbart BR, Wong K, lannacone JM, Abante EN, Vlach RL, Rauchfuss PA, Bohn PW, Sweedler JV, Shannon MA (2006) Design and fabrication of a multilayered polymer microfluidic chip with nanofluidic interconnects via adhesive contact printing. Lab Chip 6 667-674... 

In a subsequent study, the authors investigated the electrochemical cyanation of pyrene in polymer microfluidic chips with integrated electrodes [50]. As in the photocyanation experiments [49], the reaction was carried out in an oil-water system. 1-Cyanopyrene was obtained as the sole product in quantities depending on flow rate and on the position of the electrodes inside the microfluidic chips. Moreover, the electrochemical cyanation of pyrene was also carried out by employing an acetonitrile solution of pyrene containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate and an aqueous solution of NaCN. 1-Cyanopyrene was obtained in 61% yield and the amount of 1,3-dicyanopyrene could be successfully reduced from 14% obtained in macroscopic processes to 4% obtained in the microfluidic setup. 

Rossier, J., Reymond, R, and Michel, P. E. 2002. Polymer microfluidic chips for electrochemical and biochemical analyses. Electrophoresis 23 858-867. 

Bowden M., Geschke O., Kutter J.P., Diamond D., C02 laser microfabrication of an integrated polymer microfluidic manifold for the determination of phosphorus, Lab On a Chip 2003 3 221-223. 

The sequence includes several synthetic steps over polymer-supported catalysts in directly coupled commercially available Omnifit glass reaction columns [41] using a Syrris Africa microreactor system [14], Thales H-Cube flow hydrogenator [32] and a microfluidic chip. The process affords the alkaloid in 90% purity after solvent evaporation, but in a moderate 40% yield. After a closer investigation it was concluded that this is due to the poor yield of 50% in the phenolic oxidation step. On condition that this is resolved with the use of a more effective supported agent, the route would provide satisfactory yields and purities of the product. 

Fig. 22 Images and data representing development and application of DLS on a chip a one iteration in the design of a microfluidic DLS fabricated from aluminum with the surface anodized black to reduce surface reflections b image of a microfluidic chip that integrates polymer synthesis with DLS. The machined channels have been covered by a Kapton sheet fixed with adhesive c data for temperature depended micelle formation of polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide-polyethylene oxide triblock copolymer (Pluronic P85) at 2% by volume in water. (Derived from [106] with permission)...

K. Killeen, H. Yin, D. Sobek, R. Brennen, T.V.D. Goor, Chip-LC/MS HPLC-MS using polymer microfluidics. Presented at Seventh International Conference on Micro Total Analysis Systems (microTAS 2003). Squaw Valley, California, October 5-9, 481 (2003). 

The microfluidic structure was manufactured in glass by classical photolithography and wet-chemical HF etching methods [164], Holes for fluid connection were drilled. A polymer membrane was prepared in-house and served as a top plate to give a glass-polymer sandwich chip. Pressure sealing was applied. 

Yu, C., Mutlu, S., Selvaganapathy, P., Mastrangelo, C.H., Svec, E, Frechet, J.M.J., Flow control valves for analytical microfluidic chips without mechanical parts based on thermally responsive monolithic polymers. Anal. Client. 2003, 75, 1958-1961. 

Rohr, T., Yu, C., Davey, M.H., Svec, E, Frechet, Jean M.J. Porous polymer monoliths simple and efficient mixers prepared by direct polymerization in the channels of microfluidic chips. Electrophoresis 2001, 22(18), 3959-3967. 

Killeen, K., Yin, H.F., Sobek, D., Brennen, R., van de Goor, T., Chip-LC/MS HPLC-MS using polymer microfluidics. Micro Total Analysis Systems 2003, Proceedings 7th jlTAS Symposium, Squaw Valley, CA, Oct. 5-9, 2003, 481 —484. 

The analysis of MPH from human urine was used as a model to demonstrate the direct-infusion quantitative bioanalysis from a polymer-based microfluidic chip electrospray emitter [62]. A calibration curve in the range 0.4-800 ng/ml was acquired. 

Within the field of radical polymerization, special attention was recently drawn to the use of microreactors for controlled radical polymerization techniques, namely, ATRP, NMRP and RAFT. Shen and Zhu [126] have devised a column reactor packed with silica-gel-supported copper bromide-hexamethyltriethylenetetramine (HMTETA) for the continuous ATRP of homo- and block copolymers of MMA. Wu et al. [127] report the use of microfluidic chips made from thiolene polymer for continuous ATRP of... 

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