Polymer electrolyte fuel cells resistance

Chacko, C., Ramasamy, R., Kim, S. et al. 2008. Characteristic behavior of polymer electrolyte fuel cell resistance during cold start. /. Electrochem. Soc. 155 B1145-B1154. 

Figure 3.16. Schematic representation of the correlation between polarization resistances (anode, cathode, and cell) and polarization curves [23], (With kind permission from Springer Science+Business Media Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Characterization of membrane electrode assembhes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells using a.c. impedance spectroscopy, 32(8), 2002, 859-63, Wagner N. Figure 6.)...

Bixchi FN, Marek A, Scherer GG (1995) In situ membrane resistance measurements in polymer electrolyte fuel cells by fast auxiliary current pulses. J Electrochem Soc 142(6)4895-901... 

Biichi FN, Scherer GG (1996) In-situ resistance measurements of Nafion 117 membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem 404(1) 37-43... 

Figure 5.30. Schematic of the catalyst layer geometry and its composition, exhibiting the different functional parts, a A sketch of the layer, used to construct a continuous model, b A one-dimensional transmission-line equivalent circuit where the elementary unit with protonic resistivity Rp, the charge transfer resistivity Rch and the double-layer capacitance Cj are highlighted [34], (Reprinted from Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 475, Eikerling M, Komyshev AA. Electrochemical impedance of the cathode catalyst layer in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, 107-23, 1999, with permission from Elsevier.)...

Figure 5.32. Impedance plots for single cells at ambient temperature, a Nation 117. Cell voltage and ohmic drop corrected potential (in parenthesis) ( ) 0.9 V (0.9 V) ( ) 0.8 V (0.81 V) (A) 0.70 V (0.76 V) ( ) 0.6 V (0.74 V) ( ) 0.5 V (0.74 V). b Nafion 112. Cell voltage and ohmic drop corrected potential (in parenthesis) ( ) 0.9 V (0.9 V) ( ) 0.8 V (0.81 V) (A ) 0.70 V (0.73 V) ( ) 0.6 V (0.67 V) ( ) 0.5 V (0.61 V). Plots were corrected for the high-frequency resistances. Left detail of the high-frequency regions [29]. (Reprinted from Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 503, Freire TJP, Gonzalez ER. Effect of membrane characteristics and humidification conditions on the impedance response of polymer electrolyte fuel cells, 57-68, 2001, with permission from Elsevier.)...

Similarly, the phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), although still selling, is resisting efforts to get its capital costs down to the level at which it could be mass produced, and hence another chapter is eliminated. Reference is, however, made to the part played by the PAEC in evolving the catalysts for the polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC). 

Futerko, P., Hsing, I-M. (2000). Two-dimensional finite-element method study of the resistance of membranes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Electrochimica Acta 45,... 

The main problem in elevated-temperature-polymer electrolyte fuel cell operation is degradation of the membrane at the higher temperature. Marked water loss raises the ohmic resistance of the membrane, causes brittleness, and may give rise to crack formation. For this reason, most polymer electrolyte fuel cells research at present addresses the question of how to maintain the membrane in good working condition in an elevated-temperature-polymer electrolyte fuel cell. 

Freunberger SA, Reum M, Biichi FN (2009) Design approaches for determining local current and membrane resistance in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). In Vielstich W, Gasteiger HA, Yokokawa H (eds) Handbook of fuel cells - advances in electrocatalysis, materials, diagnostics, and durability, vol 5. Wiley, Chichester, pp 603-615... 

A number of technical and cost issues face polymer electrolyte fuel cells at the present stage of development (35, 38, 39, 40, 41). These concern the cell membrane, cathode performance, and cell heating limits. The membranes used in present cells are expensive, and available only in limited ranges of thickness and specific ionic conductivity. Lower-cost membranes that exhibit low resistivity are needed. This is particularly important for transportation applications characterized by high current density operation. Less expensive membranes promote lower-cost PEFCs, and thinner membranes with lower resistivities could contribute to power density improvement (41). It is estimated that the present cost of membranes could fall (by a factor of 5) if market demand increased significantly (to millions of square meters per year) (33). 

Singdeo D, Dey T, Ghosh PC (2014) Contact resistance between bipolar plate and gas diffusion layer in high temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Int J Hydrogen Energy 39 987-995... 

Beuscher, U. 2006. Experimental method to determine the mass transport resistance of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell Journal of the Electrochemical Society 153 A1788. 

EIS analysis has been effectively utilized to identify and separate different ohmic, mass-, and charge-transfer limiting processes [34, p. 521]. Impedance models for polymer electrolyte fuel cells have been developed, and analytical solutions for several cases have been derived [35]. As a first approximation, the impedance of a typical PEM half-cell in the absence of significant mass-transport resistances can be represented by the CPEp model. 

Ihonen, f., F. Jaouen, G. Lindbergh, and G. Sundholm, A Novel Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell for Laboratory Investigations and In-Situ Contact Resistance Measurements, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 46, Issue 19, 2001, pp. 2899-2911. Higier, A., A. Husar, G. Haberer, and H. Liu, Design of a Single Cell, Variable Compression PEM Fuel Cell Test Fixture, in Proc. 2002 Fuel Cell Seminar (Palm Springs, CA, 2002) p. 45. 

Lin, X. Wu, L. Liu, Y. Ong, A. L. Poynton, S. D. Varcoe, J. R. Xu, T., Alkali resistant and conductive guanidinium-based anion-exchange membranes for alkaline polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Journal of Power Sources 2012, 2/7, 373-380. 

Ihonen J, Jaouen F, Lindbergh F and Sundhom F (2001) A Novel Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell For Laboratory Investigations and In-Situ Contact Resistance Measurements, Electrochim Acta, 46, pp. 2899-2911. 

High-temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell. Resistance for the flow of H" through the electrolyte matrix. Kilo watts. 

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