Biomedical applications polymers

Polymer additives can improve manufacturing processes and product quality, as they aid the formation of a continuous coating phase without any detrimental effect to the polymer. Biomedical applications of acrylic terpolymer with arginylglycylaspartic acid, i.e., a tripeptide composed of L-arginine, glycine and L-aspartic acid peptides, have been studied by Fussell and Cooper [39]. Chauhan and co-workers have investigated the biological activities of synthesised terpolymers based on p-hydroxybenzaldehyde... 

Hoffman, A. S. (2013). Stimuli-responsive polymers biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 65( 1), 10-16. 

Biomedical Applications. In the area of biomedical polymers and materials, two types of appHcations have been envisioned and explored. The first is the use of polyphosphazenes as bioinert materials for implantation in the body either as housing for medical devices or as stmctural materials for heart valves, artificial blood vessels, and catheters. A number of fluoroalkoxy-, aryloxy-, and arylamino-substituted polyphosphazenes have been tested by actual implantation ia rats and found to generate Httle tissue response (18). 

In numerous applications of polymeric materials multilayers of films are used. This practice is found in microelectronic, aeronautical, and biomedical applications to name a few. Developing good adhesion between these layers requires interdiffusion of the molecules at the interfaces between the layers over size scales comparable to the molecular diameter (tens of nm). In addition, these interfaces are buried within the specimen. Aside from this practical aspect, interdififlision over short distances holds the key for critically evaluating current theories of polymer difllision. Theories of polymer interdiffusion predict specific shapes for the concentration profile of segments across the interface as a function of time. Interdiffiision studies on bilayered specimen comprised of a layer of polystyrene (PS) on a layer of perdeuterated (PS) d-PS, can be used as a model system that will capture the fundamental physics of the problem. Initially, the bilayer will have a sharp interface, which upon annealing will broaden with time. 

Ratner BD (1989) Biomedical applications of synthetic polymers. In Allen J, Bevington JC (eds) Comprehensive polymer science, Pergamon, Oxford, p 201... 

An idea of the range of materials and applications for polymers in medicine can be gained from the information in Table 10.1. As can be seen from this table a number of polymers are used in medical applications. One particular such polymer is poly (methyl methacrylate), PMMA. Early on it was used as the material for fabricating dentures later other biomedical applications developed. For example, PMMA is now used as the cement in the majority of hip replacement operations worldwide. 

Among other uses, these polymers have been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. Poly(phosphazenes) containing organic side chains, derived from the anaesthetics procaine and benzocaine, have been used to prolong the anaesthetic effect of their precursor drugs. They have also been used as the bioerodable matrix for the controlled delivery of drugs. 

Puskas, J.E. and Chen, Y. Biomedical application of commercial polymers and novel polyisobutylene-based thermoplastic elastomers for soft tissue replacement. Biomacromolecules, 5, 1141, 2004 GAK-GV, 7, 455 8, 526, 2004 (German). 

Ross-Murphy, SB, Physical Gelation of Synthetic and Biological Macromolecules. In Polymer Gels, Fundamentals and Biomedical Applications DeRossi, D Kajiwara, K Osada, Y Yamauchi, A, eds. Plenum Press New York, 1991 21. 

Colloidal Polymers Preparation and Biomedical Applications, edited by Abdeihamid Eiaissari... 

Klee, D. and Hdcker, H.i Polymers for Biomedical Applications Improvement of the Interface Compatibility. Vol. 149, pp, 1-57,... 

Chemical structure of monomers and intermediates was confirmed by FT-IR and FT-NMR. Molecular weight distribution of polymers was assessed by GPC and intrinsic viscosity. The thermal property was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrolytic stability of the polymers was studied under in vitro conditions. With controlled drug delivery as one of the biomedical applications in mind, release studies of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate from two of these polymers were also conducted. 

The use of polymers for biomedical applications has been widely accepted since the 1960 s (7), and specifically for controlled release applications since the 1970 s (2). The primary goal of this research was to create a controlled release matrix from polymers with pre-existing Food and Drug Administration (FDA) histories, which would be capable of releasing insoluble active agents, and upon exhaustion of the device, leave a stable, inert, removable skeleton. The application of such a matrix would be as an intracervical device which would prevent both conception and ascending infection. 

K Ishihara. Synthesis of stimuli responsive polymers and their biomedical applications. PhD Thesis, Waseda Univ, Japan, 1986. 

Gupta, B. and Anjum, N. Plasma and Radiation-Induced Graft Modification of Polymers for Biomedical Applications. Vol. 162, pp. 37-63. 

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