Polymer backbone length

Since the monomers are specified to be vinyl monomers, each contributes two carbon atoms to the polymer backbone, with the associated extended length of 0.252 nm per repeat unit. Therefore the total extended length of the empirical formula unit is... 

An extensive investigation of the dilute solution properties of several acrylate copolymers has been reported (80). The behavior is typical of flexible-backbone vinyl polymers. The length of the acrylate ester side chain has Httle effect on properties. 

Polymers containing long alkyl side chains, typically between 16 and 22 carbon atoms in length, have been used extensively as low adhesion backsizes for PSA tape products for many years. The general structure of such polymers is shown schematically in Fig. 8. The alkyl side chains are attached through a bridging group, R, to the polymer backbone, and the backbone may contain comonomers,... 

In LLDPE, the type of alpha-olefin comonomer determines the length of the SCBs. While being incorporated into the polymer chains, two of the carbon atoms of the comonomer become part of the polymer backbone (Table 1). 

Grafting from methods involve creation of metalated sites on a polymer backbone, and subsequent use of these sites to initiate the polymerization of a second monomer. Several examples of such grafting processes have been described 135 ,39>. However, no control of the number and length of the grafts is provided, since some sites may be inaccessible to the incoming monomer. As no accurate characterization... 

Copolymerization e.g., of 1-butene or 1-hexene with ethylene, gives short-chain branching-, e.g., the branches contain three or five carbon atoms. The random location of the side-chains lowers the crystallinity and density. Long-chain branching refers to branches that are similar in length to the polymer backbone and this type occurs in polyethylene manufactured using the... 

In this case, symmetrical substituted dienes are condensed to their respective ADMET polymers followed by hydrogenation to give a completely saturated polymer backbone. This technique gives control over the number of methylenes between branch points as well as the length and identity of the branch itself. However, synthesis of the required monomer 17 is a challenging six-step procedure. 

The above approaches used the idea of conjugation length control in PTs by distorting the polymer backbone with bulky substituents as side groups. Hadziioannou and coworkers [509,510] demonstrated PL and EL tuning via exciton confinement with block copolymers... 

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