Polylactide nanocomposites

Yourdkhani et al. [83] prepared PLA nanocomposites containing 2 and 4wt% N28E and Nanomer I.34TCN (I.34TCN) using a twin-screw extruder. Oxygen permeability results for the neat PLA and PLA nanocomposites are shown 

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Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), 13 741 Polylactide nanocomposites, improved, 20 308... 

CaCOj-polylactide nanocomposites can also be prepared via melt compounding technique using twin screw extruder [64]. The temperature of the mixing zone varied from 150°C at entry to 190° at exit at a mixing speed of 150 rpm. These samples were then injection molded to the desired shape. 

S. Bourbigot, G. Eontaine, S. Bellayer, R. Delobel, Processing and nanodispersion a quantitative approach for polylactide nanocomposite, Polym. Test. 2008, 27, 2-10. 

LeCorre D, Bras J, Dufresne A (2011) Evidence of micro- and nanoscaled particles during starch nanocrystals preparation and their isolation. Biomacromolecules 12 3039-3046 Lee KY, Tang M, Williams CK, Bismarck A (2012a) Carbohydrate derived copoly(lactide) as the compatibilizer for bacterial cellulose reinforced polylactide nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 72 1646-1650... 

Lee KY, Bharadia P, Blaker JJ, Bismarck A (2012c) Short sisal fibre reinforced bacterial cellulose polylactide nanocomposites using hairy sisal fibres as reinforcement. Compos A 43 2065-2074 Lei Y, Wu Q (2010) Wood plastic composites based on microfibrillar blends of high density polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate). Bioresour Technol 101 3665-3671 Liu D, Zhong T, Chang PR, Li K, Wu Q (2010) Starch composites reinforced by bamboo cellulosic crystals. Bioresour Technol 101 2529-2536 Liu H, Xie F, Yu L, Chen L, Li L (2009) Thermal processing of starch-based polymers. Prog Polym Sci 34 1348-1368... 

Lee K, Blaker JJ, Bismarck A (2009) Surface functionalization of bacterial cellulose as the route to produce green polylactide nanocomposites with improved properties. Compos Sci Technol 69 2724-2733... 

The permeability - water vapor, oxygen, and carbon dioxide - of polylactide nanocomposites reinforced with MMT, was affected using two types of MMT (Cloisite 30B and Nanofil 2), with the addition of two organic modifiers (poly(methyl methacrylate) and ethylene/vinyl alcohol copolymer) and two compatibilizers (PCL and poly(ethylene glycol)). Zenkiewicz and Richert [287] found that Cloisite 30B decreased the film permeability much more than Nanofil 2 and that all the modifiers and compatibilizers reduced the carbon dioxide transmission rate, while only the modifiers reduced the transmission rates of water vapor and oxygen. 

Schmidt B, Katiyar V, Plackett D et al (2011) Migration of nanosized layered double hydroxide platelets from polylactide nanocomposite films. Food Addit Contam 28A(7) 956-966... 

Chang J H, An Y U, Cbo D, GiarmeUs E P (2003), Polylactide nanocomposites comparison of tbeir properties with montmorillonite and synthetic mica (II) , Polymer, 44, 3715-20. 

Sinha, R.S., Yamada, K., Okamoto, M. and Ueda, K. 2002. New polylactide/layered silicate nanocomposite A novel biodegradable material. Nano Betters 2 1093-1096. 

Fig. 1.9 (A) Exfoliation of clay platelets (white Cloisite25A and Cloisite30B after (B) two and a arrows) in a commercial polylactide matrix using half months hydrolysis and (C) after five and a a masterbatch process. (B, C) Visual aspect half months hydrolysis. (A) adapted from [144] of unfilled PLA, microcomposite based on reproduced by permission ofWiley-VCH, and CloisiteNa+, and nanocomposites based on (B, C) from [147] with permission from Elsevier.

M. A. Paul, M.Alexandre, P. Degee, C. Calberg, R. Jerome, P. Dubois, Exfoliated polylactide/clay nanocomposites by In-situ coordination-insertion polimerization, Macromol. Rapid. Commun., vol. 24, pp. 561-566, 2003. 

Hu et al. showed a decrease in electrical resistivity of PVA by four orders of magnitude with a percolation threshold of 6 wt% [68], while biodegradable polylactide-graphene nanocomposites were prepared with a percolation threshold as low as 3 5wt% [46]. For polystyrene-graphene composites, percolation occurred at only 0.1 °/o of graphene filler, a value three times lower than those for other 2D-filler [69]. Figure 6.7(b) shows the variation of conductivity of the polystyrene-graphene composite with filler content. A sharp increase in conductivity occurs at 0.1 % (the percolation threshold) followed by a saturation. The inset shows the four probe set up for in-plane and trans-... 

S. S. Ray, K. Yamada, M. Okamoto, and K. Ueda, New polylactide-layered silicate nanocomposites. 2. Concurrent improvements of material properties, biodegradability and melt rheology, Polymer 44, 857—866 (2003). 

Paul, M-A., Alexandre, M., Degee, P., Calberg, C., Jerome, R., and Dubois, P. Exfoliated polylactide/clay nanocomposites by In-Situ coordination-insertion polymerization, Macromol. Rapid Commun. (2003), 24, 561-566. 

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