Polylactide /clay

M. A. Paul, M.Alexandre, P. Degee, C. Calberg, R. Jerome, P. Dubois, Exfoliated polylactide/clay nanocomposites by In-situ coordination-insertion polimerization, Macromol. Rapid. Commun., vol. 24, pp. 561-566, 2003. 

Paul, M-A., Alexandre, M., Degee, P., Calberg, C., Jerome, R., and Dubois, P. Exfoliated polylactide/clay nanocomposites by In-Situ coordination-insertion polymerization, Macromol. Rapid Commun. (2003), 24, 561-566. 

Pluta, M., Paul, M.A., Alexandre, M., Dubois, P. Plasticized polylactide/clay nanocomposites. I. the role of filler content and its surface organo-modification on the physico-chemical properties. J. Polym. Sci., Part B Polym. Phys. 44, 299-311 (2006)... 

Matusik, J., Stodolak, E., Bahranowski, K., 2011. Synthesis of polylactide/clay composites using structurally different kaolinites and kaolinite nanotubes. Applied Clay Science 51, 102-109. 

Meng QK, Heuzey MC, Carreau PJ. Effects of a multifunctional polymeric chain extender on the properties of polylactide and polylactide/clay nanocomposites. Int Polym Process 2012 27 505-516. 

Solarski S, Ferreira M, Devaux E, Fontaine G, Bachelet P, Bourbigot S, Delobel R, Coszach P, Murariu M, Da Silva Ferreira A, Alexandre M, Degee P and Dubois P (2008), Designing polylactide/clay nanocomposites for textile applications effect of processing conditions, spinning and characterization , J Appl Polym Sci, 109,841-851. 

Paul M A, Alexandre M, Degee Ph, Calberg C, Jerome R, Dubois Ph (2003), Exfoliated polylactide/clays nanocomposites by in situ coordination insertion polymerisation, 24, 561-566. 

Fig. 1.9 (A) Exfoliation of clay platelets (white Cloisite25A and Cloisite30B after (B) two and a arrows) in a commercial polylactide matrix using half months hydrolysis and (C) after five and a a masterbatch process. (B, C) Visual aspect half months hydrolysis. (A) adapted from [144] of unfilled PLA, microcomposite based on reproduced by permission ofWiley-VCH, and CloisiteNa+, and nanocomposites based on (B, C) from [147] with permission from Elsevier.

Najafl, N., Heuzey, M.C., Carreau, P.J. Polylactide (PLA)-clay nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding in the presence of a chain extender. Compos. Sci. Technol 72(5), 608-615 (2012)... 

Zhou, Q., Xanthos, M. Nanosize and microsize clay effects on the kinetics of the thermal degradation of polylactides. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 94, 327-338 (2009)... 

Montmorillonite (MMT), a smectite clay, is probably the most extensively studied nanomaterial in terms of mechanical, thermal, fire retardant or crystallization behavior of polylactide, especially when these nanoparticles are organically modified allowing the achievement of intercalated and exfoliated nanocomposites.These nanocomposites show enhanced properties as compared to microcomposites and pristine polymer. However, biodegradation and hydrolytic degradation of PLA in the presence of nanoclays has been investigated to a small extent. 

Bartczak, Z., Rozanski, A., and Richert, J. Characterization of clay platelet orientation in polylactide-montmorillonite nanocomposite films by X-ray pole figures. Eur. Polym. J. 61 (2014) 274-284. 

Several researchers have focused their attention on the preparation of polylactide (PLA) nanocomposites. PLA is one type of hydrophobic aliphatic polyester, and as such, it is not water soluble. Therefore, solvent casting processes are carried out in nonpolar solvents such as chloroform or dichloromethane. In order to achieve intercalated stiuctures, the use of modified clays is mandatory (McLauchlin and Thomas 2009 Jaffar A 1-Mu I la 2011 Rhim et al. 2009 Chang and An 2002 Krikorian and Pochan 2003). Best results, i.e., partial or complete exfoliation, are... 

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