Polyfunctional antibodies

IV. Biological Significance of Antigen Binding A. Polyfunctional Antibody-Combining Regions... 

Therefore, the use of magnetosensitive polyfunctional nanocomposites that include antitumor drug and monoclonal antibody CD-95 allows one to realize recognition of specific cells and to reach cytotoxic effect with lower concentrations of medicine remedies, diminishing the toxico-allergic influence of chemicothera-peutic preparations on the organism as a whole. 

Methylsalicylate synthase (D 3.3.1), for instance, shares most of the enzyme activities of the fatty acid synthase system (D 3.2), a complex of two polyfunctional enzymes of primary metabolism, and specific antibodies show it to be a very similar protein (Packter 1973). Hence it is likely that 6-methylsalicylate synthase evolved from fatty acid synthase. 

If enzymatic tracers are used, the actual detection reaction is frequently disturbed by influences exerted on the reactive center of the enzyme, especially those due to interactions of the antibody with polyfunctional groups, e.g., with the humic substances in natural water samples [15]. This should be taken into aceount, especially in the use of immunoassays for soil screening. In competitive immunoassays, analytes that are sparingly soluble in water can be solubilized by the addition of surfactants [16]. On the other hand, the surfactant can alter the tertiary structure of the antibody, and possibly of the enzyme involved. The use of organic solvents is being intensively studied [17]. In some cases, immunoassays are known to tolerate more than 10 vol % of solvent. 

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