Fluorene-based copolymers

Q Zhou, Q Hou, L Zheng, X Deng, G Yu, and Y Cao, Fluorene-based low band-gap copolymers for high performance photovoltaic devices, Appl. Phys. Lett., 84 1653-1655, 2004. 

Whereas all above water-soluble PFs are tetra-alkylammonium-based salts, Burrows et al. [443] reported on anionic fluorene-based copolymer 381 that showed a blue shift in PL (from 424 to 411 nm) as well as a dramatic increase in the fluorescence quantum yield (from 10-15 to 60%) when incorporated into w-dodecylpentaoxyethylene glycol ether micelles [443],... 

J. Cornil, I. Gueli, A. Dkhissi, J.C. Sancho-Garcia, E. Hennebicq, J.P. Calbert, V. Lemaur, D. Beljonne, and J.L. Bredas, Electronic and optical properties of polyfluorene and fluorene-based copolymers a quantum-chemical characterization, J. Chem. Phys., 118 6615-6623, 2003. 

S. Beaupre and M. Leclerc, Fluorene-based copolymers for red-emitting diodes, Adv. Funct. Mater., 12 192-196, 2002. 

Dow used the Suzuki coupling process to synthesize a variety of fluorene-based homopolymers and copolymers that are able to emit the three primary LED colors red, green, and blue. Structural representations of these polymers are shown in Figure 11.20. The U.S. patents granted to Dow Chemical on OLED emitting materials are listed in Table 11.4. 

Inbasekaran and co-workers have produced a wide variety of fluorene-based copolymers using the Pd-catalyzed polymerization reaction. Figure 10.23 shows... 

Polymer LEDs with copolymers containing dibenzosiloles have been reported in the literature [39,42]. By varying the 3,6-dibenzosilole content in a fluorene-based polymer, superior colour purity and optimum external quantum and luminous efficiencies were obtained (Fig. 5) [39]. Compared to polyfluorene, these copolymers are also stable to thermal annealing. Similar results were reported for a 2,7-dibenzosilole-co-3,6-dibenzosilole polymer [42]. 

Takahashi H, Naito H (2005) Amplified spontaneous emission from fluorene-based copolymer wave guides. Thin Solid Films 477(l-2) 53-56... 

Zhou Q, Hou Q, Zheng L, Deng X, Yu G, Cao Y (2004) Fluorene-based low band-gap copolymers for high performance. Appl Phys Lett 84 1653... 

R.-Y. Han, R.-Q. Yang, J.-B. Peng, and Y. Cao. Efficient photovoltaic cells from low band-gap fluorene-based copolymer. CAin. Phys., 14 1032-1035, 2005. 

S.-L. Lian, C.-L. Liu, W.-C. Chen, Conjugated Fluorene Based Rod-Coil Block Copolymers and Their PCBM Composites for Resistive Memory Switching Devices. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2011, 3,4504-4511. 

FIGURE 1.25 Chemical stractures of the fluorene-based block copolymers. 

FIGURE 47.15. The SCP route to fluorene-based alternating copolymers tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium mediated condensation 9,9-dialkylfluorene-2,7-bis(trimethylene boronate) and various dibromoarenes. 

Yang, L., Feng, J.K., and Ren, A.M. (2005) Theoretical studies on the electronic and optical properties of two thiophene-fluorene based pi-conjugated copolymers. Polymer, 46 (24), 10970-10981. 

Table 4.5 Molecular structure, electrochemical properties, optical energy bandgap, estimated ionization potential, electron affinity (Eec, from CV data) and LUMO energy (Eopt, from optical data) of fluorene-based copolymers PI, P2 andP3...

Adapted from Table 1 and Figure 3 of A. Charasa, N. Barbagallo, J. Morgado and L. Alcacer, Synthesis and optical properties of poly(fluorene)-based alternating copolymers, Synth. Met., 122, 23-25 (2001), Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier. 

Handbook of Thiophene-based Materials Applications in Organic Electronics and Photonics Table 4.6 Electrochemical properties of fluorene-based copolymers PFTORT, PFTTORTT and PFTCNVT... 

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