Polyethylene glycol solutions

Substance zones are produced that mainly yield blue fluorescence under long-wavelength UV light (A = 365nm) (indoles occasionally fluoresce yellow [15]), colored zones are also produced occasionally. The fluorescence is stabilized by immersing in 20% methanohc polyethylene glycol solution [5]. 

The contribution of reabsorbed biliary metabolites to urinary excretion is reflected in the differences in urinary excretion of label from bile duct cannulated rats and noncannulated rats. When a dose of 1 mg/kg hexachlorobutadiene in polyethylene glycol solution was given to bile duct cannulated male rats, the urine contained 11 % of the label after 72 hours in noncannulated rats given the same dose it contained 18% of the label (Payan et al. 1991). When a dose of 100 mg/kg was given, the urine of the cannulated rats contained 7% of the label and the urine of the noncannulated rats contained 9% after 72 hours. 

After 2 min, add 1 mL of 1% aqueous polyethylene glycol solution to stabilize the gold probe (7)... 

Sjoberg, A., G. Karlstrom, and F. Tjerneld. 1989. Effects on the cloud point of aqueous polyethylene glycol) solutions upon addition of low molecular weight saccharid ftacromolecules22 4512-4516. 

Vasilevskaya VV, Khokhlov AR, Matsuzawa Y, Yoshikawa K (1995) Collapse of single DNA molecule in polyethylene glycol) solutions. J Chem Phys 102 6595-6602... 

Figure 3.2 Fundamental linear relationship between retention and temperature in GLC according to eqn.(3.10b). Stationary phases (a) SE-30 (silicone oil) and (b) Carbowax 20M (polyethylene-glycol). Solutes n-alkanes (number of carbon atoms as indicated in the figure). Figure taken from ref. [302], Reprinted with permission.

Soret Coefficients for Aqueous Polyethylene Glycol Solutions... 

Saeki, S. Kuwahara, N. Nakata, M. Kaneko, M., "Upper and Lower Critical Solution Temperatures in Polyethylene glycol) Solutions," Polymer, 17, 685 (1976). 

Sjoberg, A. Karlstrom, G. Tjerneld, F., "Effects on the Cloud Point of Aqueous Polyethylene glycol) Solutions upon Addition of Low Molecular Weight Saccharides," Macromolecules, 22, 4512 (1989). 

Recently, Brillouin scattering has proved useful in this area for studying the frequency dependence of hypersonic (GHz zone) absorption and dispersion velocity in liquid sulphur dioxide [91] the effect of isotopes on hydrodynamic fluctuations in self-associated fluids [92] and the elastic properties of polyethylene glycol solutions in water, benzene and toluene [93]. 

Figure 13 lontophoretic permeability coefficient (PCjont.) of a homologous series of polyethylene glycols solutes in cathodal iontophoresis at 0.38 mA/cm. (A) log PCiont, versus log MV. (B) log PCiont. versus MV. (C) log PCiom, versus radius. (Data from Ref. 104.)... 

Polyethylene glycol solution 20% (w/v) solution of polyethylene gylcol 6000 in phosphate buffer (0.05 M, pH 7.5)... 

Flurotyl, a hexafluorinated ether, has been used as a therapeutic inhalational convulsant in psychiatry (SED-13,11). Its intravenous use in a polyethylene glycol solution has been discontinued because of possible renal damage. In most Western and North American countries, flurotyl is not recommended because of variations in response and dosing difficulties. 

Argent A, Hatherill M, Reynolds L, Purves L. Fulminant pulmonary oedema after administration of a balanced electrolyte polyethylene glycol solution. Arch Dis Child 2002 86(3) 209. 

Oral sodium phosphate 90 ml mixed with 300 ml of clear liquid has been compared with 2 liters of polyethylene glycol solution in a colonoscopist-blinded, randomized trial in 100 patients undergoing colonoscopy as a daycare procedure (40). Sodium phosphate was well tolerated and safe and provided bowel cleansing similar to polyethylene glycol. Five patients who received polyethylene glycol and four who received sodium phosphate reported nausea, and eight patients who received polyethylene glycol and one who received sodium phosphate complained of abdominal fullness. 

Reddy DN, Rao GV, Sriram PV. Efficacy and safety of oral sodium phosphate versus polyethylene glycol solution for bowel preparation for colonoscopy. Indian J Gastroenterol 2002 21(6) 219-21. 

Hookey LC, DepewWT, Vanner SJ. A Prospective Randomized Low-Dose Oral Sodium Phosphate Plus Stimulant Laxatives with Large Volume Polyethylene Glycol Solution for Colon Cleansing. Am J Gastroenterol 2004 99 2217-2222. 

Aqueous polyethylene glycol solutions can be used either as suspending agents or to adjust the viscosity and consistency of other suspending vehicles. When used in conjunction with other emulsifiers, polyethylene glycols can act as emulsion stabilizers. 

Since polyethylene glycol) solutions are not volatile, this precipitant must be used like salt and equilibrated with the protein by slow mixing or vapor equilibration. This latter approach, utilizing either hanging drops over 0.5 ml reservoirs, or sitting drops in plastic plates, has proved the most popular. When the reservoir concentration is in the range 5% to 20%, the protein solution to be equilibrated should be at an initial concentration of about half of that, which is conveniently obtained by adding an equal volume of the reservoir to that of the protein solution. 

C. Padoin, M. Tod, N. Brion, K. Louchahi, V. Le Gros, and O. Petitjean, Pharmacokinetics of amoxicUhn coadministered with a sahne-polyethylene glycol solution in healthy volunteers. Biopharm Drug Dispos 16 169-176 (1995). 

Constantine H P, Crow M R and Forster R E 1965 Rate of the reaction of carbon dioxide with human red blood cells Am. J. Physiol 208 801-11 Lutmann A, Miickenhoff K and Loeschcke H H 1978 Fast measurement of the CO2 partial pressure in gases and fluids Pfluegers Arch. Ges. Physiol 375 279-88 Wu X-Q, Shimizu Y and Egashira M 1989 Carbon dioxide sensor consisting of K2C03-polyethylene glycol solution supported on porous ceramics J. Electrochem. Soc. 136 2892-5... 

Figure 3.43 Theoretical vs experimental values of flux for 0.9% polyethylene glycol solution.

Typical intense fluorescence in UV-36.Snin is produced immediately on spraying. Addition of polyethylene glycol solution lowers the detection limit and inten.silies the fluorescence behaviour, which is structure dependent. 

A portion of the silica sol-manganese nitrate-polyethylene glycol solution described in Example 1 is diluted with 3 volumes of water and spray-dried in a spray dryer using two-fluid atomization. Dryers of this type are described in the Chemical Engineer s Handbook, 3rd Edition by John H. Perry, McGraw-Hill, New York (1950), page 840. The inlet air temperature is 300°C and the outlet air temperature is 110°C. The fine, dry powder that is collected in a cyclone separator is pressed into bars and calcined to form silica-supported catalysts as described in Example 1. 

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