Polyethylene glycol reductions

N. Tomiya, K. Watanabe, J. Awaya, M. Kurono, S. Eujii, Modification of acyl-plasmin-streptokinase complex with polyethylene glycol reduction of sensitivity to neutralizing antibody. FEES Lett., 193 (1) 44-48. 

A. Matsushima, H. Sasaki, Y. Kodera, Y. Inada, Reduction of Immunoreactivity of Bovine Serum Albumin Conjugated with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) in Relation to Its Esterase Activity , Biochem. Int. 1992, 26, 485-490. 

Gas chromatographic analyses are obtained at about 120° with a 2 m. X 7 mm. column packed with a suspension of 5% (by weight) of silver nitrate and 15% (by weight) of Carbowax 6000 (polyethylene glycol) on either Chromosorb P or Celite 545. With this column the relative retention times of the various possible components in the reaction mixture are cyclododecane, 1.00 trans,trans,trans-, S,9-cyc ododec tnene, 1.20 trans-cyclo-dodecene, 1.13 m-cyclododecene, 1.33 ci5,iraw5-l,5-cyclodode-cadiene, 1.51 m, m 5-/raw5-l,5,9-cyclododecatriene, 1.72. The reaction should be stopped when the rate of reduction of cis,trans-1,5-cyclododecadiene to cw-cyclododecene has become approximately equal to the rate of conversion of the as-monoolefin to cyclododecane. 

Hasinoff noted that the rate coefficient of formation of encounters pairs, fcD, was smaller than predicted from the Smoluchowski—Stokes—Einstein rate coefficient [eqn. (29)]. In aqueous glycerol, this reduction was by 0.14 times, in aqueous polyethylene glycol by 0.30 times, and in aqueous ethylene glycol by 0.11 times. Hasinoff compared these reductions in rate of diffusive rate of formation of encounter pairs with three theories of anisotropic reactivity due to Weller [262], Schmitz and Schurr [257] and... 

A sodium hydroxide/polyethylene glycol system was used in the reductive decya-nation of diphenylacetonitriles to give diphenylmethanes in high yield. Thermal reaction times of 60 min could be reduced to 2 min under microwave irradiation (Scheme 4.43)69. 

Bendale, P.M., Chowdhury, B.R. and Khadilkar, B.M., Polyethylene glycol mediated reductive decyanation of diphenylacetonitrile moderately enhanced by microwave heating, Indian]. Chem., Sect. B, 2001,40,433—435. 

Weaver, R., and Riley, R. J. (2006). Identification and reduction of ion suppression effects on pharmacokinetic parameters by polyethylene glycol 400. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 2559-2564. 

In the physical absorption process, the CO2 is absorbed in a solvent according to Henry s Law and then regenerated using heat, pressure reduction or both heat and pressure reduction. Typical solvents are Selexol (dimethylether of polyethylene glycol) and Rectisol (cold methanol) which are applied at high pressure. At lower pressures, the chemical absorption processes are more economical. The Selexol physical solvent process is frequently specified for coal gasification applications199. 

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