Polyethylene copper salts

Better yields were often also obtained by use of the complex copper salt (17), prepared in situ from KCN and CUSO4 in the presence of NH3 (equation 20). In a thorough investigation Japanese workers recently treated a series of aromatic amines with sodium nitrite in a mixture of polyethylene glycol and CH2CI2 with HCl in a little water at 0 °C. After addition of the crystalline complex salt (17) the corresponding arenenitriles were obtained in high yield. 

TV/Tetal surfaces often have adverse catalytic effects on the rates of oxidative degradation (by molecular oxygen) of polymers, particularly polyolefins. Previous papers in this series have shown for the specific case of the 02/polyethylene/copper system between 40 °C and 90 °C that copper carboxylate salts, initially formed at the interface, are re-... 

Starting Materials. Polyethylene, low density (0.92), was obtained from Union Carbide as additive-free pellets. Copper propionate, used only for liquid-phase solubilities, was obtained commercially and used without further purification. All other copper salts were synthesized as follows equal equivalents of Cu(OH)2 CuC03 ( 99+%, ROC/RIC Chemical Corp.) and the appropriate carboxylic acid were stirred in a minimum amount of xylene and heated to 120°C under N2 overnight. After reacting the xylene solution was diluted with additional xylene, reheated, and filtered hot to remove any copper oxides and/or carbonates. The xylene solution was cooled and the resultant precipitate collected by suction filtration and washed with additional xylene and then hexane. Additional recrystallization was done from hexane, isooctane, and/or xylene. In the case of the copper octanoate the solubility in xylene was quite high, so minimum amounts were used and recrystallization was done from hexane. Analyses for copper Cu(C7Hi5C02)2,... 

Lead and mercury are deposited as micron-sized clusters, predominantly at intercrystallite boundaries [105] so does lithium from the polyethylene oxide solid electrolyte. What is more, Li intercalates into the sp2-carbon [22, 138], Thus, observations on the Li intercalation and deintercalation enable one to detect non-diamond carbon on the diamond film surface. Copper is difficult to plate on diamond [139], There is indirect evidence that Cu electrodeposition, whose early stages proceed as underpotential deposition, also involves the intercrystallite boundaries [140], We note that diamond electrodes seem to be an appropriate tool for use in the well-known electroanalytical method of detection of traces of metal ions in solutions by their cathodic accumulation followed by anodic stripping. The same holds for anodic deposition, e.g. of, Pb as PbCh with subsequent cathodic reduction [141, 142], Figure 30 shows the voltammograms of anodic dissolution of Cd and Pb cathodically predeposited from their salt mixtures on diamond and glassy carbon electrodes. We see that the dissolution peaks are clearly resolved. The detection limit for Zn, Cd, and Pb is as low as a few ppb [143]. 

Ethylene has been separated from ethane by a silver nitrate solution passing countercurrent in a hollow fiber poly-sulfone.165 This separation has also been performed with the silver nitrate solution between two sheets of a polysilox-ane.166 A hydrated silver ion-exchanged Nafion film separated 1,5-hexadiene from 1-hexene with separation factors of 50-80.167 Polyethylene, graft-polymerized with acrylic acid, then converted to its silver salt, favored isobutylene over isobutane by a factor of 10. Olefins, such as ethylene, can be separated from paraffins by electroinduced facilitated transport using a Nafion membrane containing copper ions and platinum.168 A carbon molecular sieve made by pyrolysis of a polyimide, followed by enlargement of the pores with water at 400 C selected propylene over propane with an a-valve greater than 100 at 35°C.169... 

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