Polycarbonate surface energy

Interaction of polyetherpolyurethane with solvents and solubility parameter Polystyrene-hydrocarbon interaction parameters and solubility parameter Polycarbonate surface energies and interaction characteristics Surface heterogeneity of alumina oxide ceramic powders Surface energy distribution... 

While polymeric surfaces with relatively high surface energies (e.g. polyimides, ABS, polycarbonate, polyamides) can be adhered to readily without surface treatment, low surface energy polymers such as olefins, silicones, and fluoropolymers require surface treatments to increase the surface energy. Various oxidation techniques (such as flame, corona, plasma treatment, or chromic acid etching) allow strong bonds to be obtained to such polymers. 

The specialty class of polyols includes poly(butadiene) and polycarbonate polyols. The poly(butadiene) polyols most commonly used in urethane adhesives have functionalities from 1.8 to 2.3 and contain the three isomers (x, y and z) shown in Table 2. Newer variants of poly(butadiene) polyols include a 90% 1,2 product, as well as hydrogenated versions, which produce a saturated hydrocarbon chain [28]. Poly(butadiene) polyols have an all-hydrocarbon backbone, producing a relatively low surface energy material, outstanding moisture resistance, and low vapor transmission values. Aromatic polycarbonate polyols are solids at room temperature. Aliphatic polycarbonate polyols are viscous liquids and are used to obtain adhesion to polar substrates, yet these polyols have better hydrolysis properties than do most polyesters. 

Polystyrene-PDMS block copolymers4l2), and poly(n-butyl methacrylate-acrylic acid)-PDMS graft copolymers 308) have been used as pressure sensitive adhesives. Hot melt adhesives based on polycarbonate-PDMS segmented copolymers 413) showed very good adhesion to substrates with low surface energies without the need for surface preparation, such as etching. 

The decrease of polymer surface energy, in particular, with lowering of polymer polarity (when employing as substrates polystyrene, polycarbonate, and Teflon with incorporated C-O-C groups [53]) leads to the reduction of... 

Surface modifications with plasmas have specific applications for systems requiring special protections, e.g., low surface energy or low wear resistance. Surface photopolymerization has yet to prove its value. The protection of a polymer surface with abrasion-resistant, silicone-silica hybrid material has demonstrated some utilities for polycarbonate or other optical materials. 

Recently, the materials based on polycarbonate have been modified to improve their thermal-physical and optical characteristics and to apply new properties to use them for special purposes. The introduction of NS into materials facilitates self-organizing proeesses in them. These processes depend on surface energy of NS which is connected with energy of their... 

Widely used substrate materials include poly(ethylene naphthalate) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) of thickness 25-75 )im. A cheap commercial source of poly(ethylene terephthalate) is laser inkjet transparency film. Interestingly, both PEN and PET can withstand temperatures up to 180—220 C. PEN also has the advantage that it is about three times less permeable to water and oxygen than PET. Other widely used substrate materials include polycarbonate, polyimide, and PEEK. Some commercial plastic films are also obtainable with oxygen plasma-treated poly(urethane) primer layers on one side, to raise the surface energy and thereby improve the adhesion of inks. 

The adhesives will bond almost all materials (though a primer may be needed with some), except polyolefin plastics (eg Polythene) and other low surface-energy types such as fluoropolymers (eg Teflon) and silicone-based rubbers. Alkaline glass may cause premature bond failure and all glasses should be silane primed if at all possible, as this considerably improves the joint s humidity resistance. May stress crack stressed mouldings or susceptible plastics - polycarbonate, for example. 

APPJ could also be successfully used for the improvement of surface adhesion due to the activation of the surface. Dowling et al. [50] reported results of treatment of PP, polystyrene (PS), and polycarbonate (PC) substrates with air plasma. It was found that in the case of PP and PC polymers, the activation energy of the surface could be increased, whereas the surface energy of PS was decreased hy the plasma treatment. This unexpected result could he attrihuted to some decomposition of the polymer surface due to relatively low-glass transition tem-... 

AB Ponter, WR Jones Jr, RH Jansen. Surface energy changes produced by ultraviolet-ozone irradiation of polyfmethyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polytetraflu-oroethylene. Polym Eng Sci 34 1233-1238, 1994. 

By the simultaneous solution of Equation (6) for the two liquids, the components of the surface energies of the polycarbonate and the epoxy were found to be as given in Table II. 

Although the work of adhesion for an epoxy/polycarbonate joint Immersed in water is 29 mj m , the fracture surface energy for such... 

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