Polyatomic ions electrical charges

Ion Electrically charged atom or group of atoms (polyatomic ion) ions can be positively or negatively charged, depending on whether electrons are lost (positive) or gained (negative) by the atoms. (Section 2.7)... 

How these reactions occur will be explored in later chapters. For now, you should understand that the hydronium and carbonate ions are examples of polyatomic ions, which are molecules that carry a net electric charge. Table 6.1 lists some commonly encountered polyatomic ions. 

The hydronium ions positive charge is a consequence of the extra proton this molecule has acquired. Hydronium ions, which play a parr in many acid-base reactions, are polyatomic ions, which, as mentioned in Chapter 6, are molecules that carry a net electric charge. 

Compounds containing polyatomic ions follow similar rules. In sodium carbonate, there are two Na+ ions per carbonate ion, so its formula is Na2C03. When a subscript has to be added to a polyatomic ion, the ion is written within parentheses, as in (NH4)2S04, where (NH4)2 means that there are two NH4+ (ammonium) ions for each S042- (sulfate) ion in ammonium sulfate. In each case, the ions combine in such a way that the positive and negative charges cancel all compounds are electrically neutral overall. 

Polyatomic Ions Polyatomic ions are formed from two or more nonmetal atoms that are bonded together in a way that results in a net electrical charge. The subtleties of predicting the charge and formula of these ions is fairly involved, and you should content yourself with learning the ions listed in Table 2.1. 

Polyatomic ions are groups of atoms that bear an electric charge. Examples include the ammonium ion, NH4+ the sulfate ion, and the nitrate ion, NOg". Table 2-3... 

Up to this point, only ions derived from single atoms have been used since the focus has been on binary ionic compounds. But there are many ions, almost all of them anions, that contain two or more atoms, and they are the polyatomic ions. Polyatomic ions contain two or more atoms chemically bound into a single unit that bears an electrical charge. The most common polyatomic ions are listed in the following table. 

Writing formulas for ionic compounds that include polyatomic ions is done in the same way formulas are written for binary compounds. The polyatomic ions are treated as single units that bear a charge. The goal is to get the right ratio of cation to anion so that an overall electrically neutral combination is obtained. The same rules used for binary compounds apply here, with one modification ... 

These ions with their opposite charges attract each other in the same way as do the simple ions in binary ionic compounds. However, the individual polyatomic ions are held together by covalent bonds, with all of the atoms behaving as a unit. For example, in the ammonium ion, NH +, there are four N—H covalent bonds. Likewise, the nitrate ion, N03, contains three covalent N—O bonds. Thus, although ammonium nitrate is an ionic compound because it contains the NH " and N03 ions, it also contains covalent bonds in the individual polyatomic ions. When ammonium nitrate is dissolved in water, it behaves as a strong electrolyte like the binary ionic compounds sodium chloride and potassium bromide. As we saw in Chapter 8, this occurs because when an ionic solid dissolves, the ions are freed to move independently and can conduct an electric current. 

Atoms of two or more elements can also combine to form a polyatomic ion, a chemically distinct species with an electric charge. Communication in the world of chemistry and understanding many applications require one to know the names, formulas, and charges of the common polyatomic ions listed in Table 5.1. 

Polyatomic ion (2.7) A group of atoms that carries an electrical charge. 

An interesting combination of ionic and covalent bonding is found in compounds that contain polyatomic ions. These ions are covalently bonded groups of atoms that carry a net electrical charge. With the exception of the ammonium ion, NH4, the common polyatomic ions are negatively charged. 

Polyatomic ions are groups of two or more covalently bonded atoms that carry a net electrical charge. They are conveniently represented using Lewis structures. 

Determine the chemical formulas for barium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, and sodium acetate. Each compound contains a monatomic cation and a polyatomic anion. What are the names and electrical charges of these ions ... 

---