Polyaniline solid state properties

Zheng, W.Y., K. Levon, J. Laakso, and J.E. Osterholm. 1994. Characterization and solid-state properties of processable n-alkylated polyanilines in the neutral state. Macromolecules 27 7755. 

A. R. Hopkins, P. G. Rasmussen, R. A. Basheer, Characterization of solution and solid-state properties of undoped and doped polyanilines processed from hexafluoro-2-propanol, Macromolecules 1996, 29, 7838. 

Because of the more practical aspect of polymer stability in the numerous proposed uses of intrinsically conducting polymers, including polyaniline and its relatives, and the more fimdamental interest in the chemistry of processes that change the chemical identity and various solid state properties of the polymers, degradation studies are warranted. These studies focussed initially on the mere rate of degradation (which may be of very practical interest). Wth purely electrochemical measiuements, Kobayashi et al. [512,513] showed that the two peaks in qrclic voltammograms of PANI di-... 

The acid-base properties of polyaniline can be utilized to produce solid-state pH sensors where polyaniline works both as the pH-sensitive material and as the ion-to-electron transducer. An excellent example is the electrodeposition of polyaniline on an ion-beam etched carbon fiber with a tip diameter of ca. 100-500 nm resulting in a solid-state pH nanoelectrode with a linear response (slope ca. — 60mV/pH unit) in the pH range of 2.0-12.5 and a working lifetime of 3 weeks [104]. The response time vary from ca. 10 s (around pH 7) to ca. 2 min (at pH 12.5). 

Polyaniline/p-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (PANT/p-CD IC) and its relation with optical properties were investigated using solid-state NMR. Dynamics were interpreted in terms of chain motion. 

Foster, M., private conversations, Physical Optics Corporation, Torrance, CA, 1995. Passiniemi, R, Laakso, J., Ruohonen, H., and Vakiparta, K., Electrically conducting polymer blends based on polyaniline, in Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings on Electrical, Optical and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid State Materials III, Vol. 413, 1996, p. 577. 

Y. F. Nicolau and M. Nechtschein, Layer-by-layer thin film deposition of polypyrrole and polyaniline, in Electronic Properties of Conjugated Polymers, Vol. 3 (H. Kuzmany, M. Mehring, and S. Roth, eds), Springer Ser. Solid-State Sci. 91, Springer, New York, 1989 461. 

Gopal, J. Vanhouten, K. Cowan, D.O. Poehler, T.O. Madsen, P.V. Searson, P.C., "Diether Substituted Polyanilines Novel Electrode Materials", p. 607 in Chiang, L.Y. Garito, A.F. Sandman, D.J. (Eds.), Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 247 Electrical, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Organic Solid State Materials, Materials Research Society, Pittsburghh, Pemisylvania, USA (1992). 

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