Polyaniline film electrochemistry

The electrochemistry of polyaniline is more complex than that of other conducting polymers and given the large number of possible structures for the material, it is not surprising that many possible reaction schemes have been suggested [181,182, 195-197,205], Many of the properties of the material are pH-dependent [173,174, 206], including the open circuit potential [207] which is most positive at pH 0, and this is further complicated by the fact that not all the polymer chains are necessarily in exactly the same state at any given time [197]. Above pH 3 polyaniline films do not show any electroactivity, but are not electroactive even at low pH with... 

Han, D,H, and S,M, Park, Electrochemistry of conductive polymers. 32. Nanoscopic examination of conductivities of polyaniline films. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004,108(37) pp, 13921-13927... 

Liu, X.-X., Bian, I..-.I.. Zhang, L., and Zhang, L.-J. 2007. Composite films of polyaniline and molybdenum oxide formed by electrocodeposition in aqueous media. Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry 11, 1279-1286. 

Figure 9.8 (a) AFM and (b) LFM image of patterned PAN I films (Reprinted with permission from Applied Surface Science, Fabrication of patterned polyaniline microstructure through microcontact printing and electrochemistry by Fei Guan, Miao Chen, Wu Yangetal., 230, 1—4, 131-137. Copyright (2004) Elsevier ltd)... 

Ordered 3D arrays of polyaniline [PANI] inverse opals can also fabricated via electrochemical methods by using colloidal crystals of polystyrene beads as sacrificial templates as shown in Fig. 1.19 [208]. Compared with films obtained by chemical synthesis, the inverse opaline samples obtained by electrochemistry had a much higher structural quality. Such PANI inverse opals were prepared... 

Major interest in the electrochemistry of polyaniline was generated only after the discovery that aromatic amine, pyrrole, thiophene, ftiran, indole and benzene can be polymerized anodically to a conducting film... 

Meng, C. C. Liu, and S. Fan. 2009. Flexible carbon nanotube-polyaniline paperlike films and their enhanced electrochemical properties. Electrochemistry Communications, 11,186-189. 

This chapter features mainly the electrochemistry of films of polypyrrole, polythiophene, and polyaniline on various support electrode surfaces. In a historical sense, polyacetylene predates these conducting polymer candidates. Electrochemically oriented studies on this material have been discussed in previous reviews [326-328],... 

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