Synthesis polyampholytes

Kudaibergenov SE (2002) Polyampholytes synthesis, characterization, and application. Kluwer, New York... 

S.E. Kudaibeigenov. Polyampholytes Synthesis, Characterization and Application. Dordrecht Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2002. 

Patricldos CS, Hertler WR, Abbott NL, Hatton TA (1994) Diblock, ABC triblock and random methacrylic polyampholytes synthesis by GTP and solution behavior. Macromolecules 27 930-937... 

Polyammonium-containing ligands, 24 44 Polyammonium macropolycycles, 76 780 Polyampholytes, 20 475 479 solution properties of, 20 479 synthesis of, 20 477- 478 Poly(anhydrides), bioresorbable polymers, 3 740... 

Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Viscosity Behavior of Polyampholytes from Cationic-Anionic Monomer Pairs... 

Maruyama A, Takei Y. Synthesis of polyampholyte comb-type copolymers consisting of poly(L-lysine) backbone and hyaluronic acid side chains for DNA carrier. Methods Mol Med 2001 65 1-9. 

Braun, O. Selb, J. Candau, F. Synthesis in mieroemulsion and characterization of stimuli-respon-sive polyelectrolytes and polyampholytes based on N-isopropylacrylamide. Polymer 2001, 42 (21), 8499-8510. 

Chen, L., Tian, Z., and Du, Y. 2004. Synthesis and pH sensitivity of carboxymethyl chitosan-based polyampholyte hydrogels for protein carrier matrices. Biomaterials 25 3725-3732. 

Zhao, L., Mitomo, H., Yoshii, F. 2008c. Synthesis of pH-sensitive and biodegradable CM-ceUulose/chitosan polyampholytic hydrogels with electron beam irradiation. Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers 23 319-333. 

Naggi, A.M., Torri, G., Compagnoni, T., and Casu, B. 1986. Synthesis and physico-chemical properties of a polyampholyte chitosan 6-sulfate. In MuzzarelU, R.A.A., Jeuniaux, C., and Gooday, G.W. (eds.), Chitin in Nature and Technology. Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, pp. 371 07. 

Block Synthesis. Water-soluble block copolymers are formed from the copolymerization of macromonomers of methacrylates with acrylic and methacrylic acid monomers and their solution properties compared with random copolymers of similar composition (224). Diblock and triblock copolymers may be prepared by a number of techniques and are also used on ink-jet inks (225) and scale inhibition in water boilers (226), respectively. Associative properties of block polymers to form micellar structures are well established (227,228). Triblock polyampholyte polymers are also known (229). 

Synthesis. Polyampholytes are most readily prepared by the direct statistical copolymerization of anionic and cationic monomers typically in aqueous media, via conventional free radical pol3unerization. Examples of such materials were first reported in the 1950s (240-244). Using this approach a wide range of copolymers and terpolymers, often with a neutral hydrophilic monomer such as acrylamide, have been reported. For example, early reports of statistical polyampholytes include the methacrylic acid-stat-2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate copolymers (245), from IZ and 2Z with 6Z and the iV,A(-diethylallylamine-stat-acrylic acid copolymers from IZ and 6Z (246). More recently, synthesis and properties of novel polyampholytic terpol5uners have been described (247-250). For example, the aqueous solution properties of novel ampholytic terpolymers of acrylamide, sodium 3-acrylamido-3-methylbutanoate 5Z and 3-(acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride 8Z have been studied in detail (187). 

While these living polymerization techniques do offer the ability to prepare block polyampholytes they are both synthetically demanding and somewhat limiting with respect to monomer choice for example. There are a handful of reports detailing the synthesis of block polyampholytes using controlled/living polymerization techniques discussed earlier (Fig. 47). For example, Gabaston and co-workers have described the TEMPO-mediated SFRP of block copolymers of sodium 4-styrenesulfonate IIZ with 4-(dimethylamino)methyl styrene 12Z (133),... 

M.EA. Taleb, Radiation synthesis of polyampholytic and reversible pH-responsive hydrogel and its apphcation as drug delivery system. Polymer Bulletin, 61 (3), 341-351,2008. 

Synthesis and Aqueous Solution Behavior of Novel Polyampholytes Containing Zwitterionic Monomers... 

Scheme 2. Example of monomers employed in the synthesis of a Type A polyampholyte.

Synthesis and Emulsion Copolymerizations of Styrene Sulfonate Monomers for Cross-Linked Polyampholyte Latexes... 

Figure 1. Synthesis of Cross-linked Polyampholyte Latexes.

Paflti, K. S., Philippou, Z., Loizou, E., Porcar, L., Patrickios, C. S. (2011). End-linked poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-poly(methacrylic acid) polyampholyte conetworks synthesis by sequential RAFT polymerization and swelling and SANS characterization. Macromolecules, 44, 5352-5362. 

Yu, C., Yun-Fei, L., Huan-Lin, T., Hui-Min, T. (2010). Study of carboxymethyl chitosan based polyampholyte superabsorbent polymer I optimization of synthesis conditions and pH sensitive property study of carboxymethyl chitosan-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-dimethyldi-allylammonium chloride) superabsorbent polymer. Carbohydrate Polymers, 81, 365-371. 

SYNTHESIS, RING OPENING STUDY AND PROPERTIES OF SOME NEW POLYAMPHOLYTES FROM SUBSTITUTED AZIRIDINES... 

Ring-opening polymerization evidently constitutes another method for the synthesis of regular internal structures [8]. In order to obtain a strictly linear polyampholyte with a repeating unit as small as possible, A -alkyl substituted ethylenimines have to be used, since conventional unsubstituted polyethylenimine has a highly branched structure. The synthesis of strictly linear polyethylenimine has, however, been described recently by Saegusa and coworkers by isomerization polymerization of 2-oxazoline [9]. 

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