Polyalkylene polyamines

Polyalkylene polyamines find use in a wide variety of appHcations by virtue of their unique combination of reactivity, basicity, and surface activity. With a few significant exceptions, they ate used predominantly as intermediates in the production of functional products. End-use profiles for the various ethyleneamines ate given in Table 6. 

Modified phenol-formaldehyde resins Polyalkylene polyamine salts Dithiocarbamate of bis-hexamethylenetriamine OiW OiW [531]... 

Polyalkylene polyamine salts are prepared by contacting polyamines with organic or inorganic acids. The polyamines have a molecular weight of at least 1000 Dalton and ranging up to the limits of water solubility [1185]. In a process of demulsification of the aqueous phase of the broken bitumen emulsions, the pH is adjusted to deactivate the demulsifier so that the water may be used in subsequent in situ hot water or steam floods of the tar sand formation. 

In the same way, a crosslinked oxalkylated polyalkylene polyamine can be obtained by preparing a completely oxalkylated polyalkylene polyamine with a degree of polymerization of 10 to 300, crosslinked with a polyalcohol. The demulsifying agent is made from a mixture of the crosslinked oxalkylated polyalkylene polyamine with 25% to 75% by weight of an oxethylated or oxypropylated isoalkylphenol-formaldehyde resin [154]. 

Microgels have been prepared from epoxy resins which were intramolecular-ly crosslinked by a polyalkylene polyamine/polycarboxylic acid for flexible, corrosion resistant coatings [354]. 

BHMT amine. NH2(CH2)6NH(CH2)6NH2. A liquid polyalkylene polyamine. 

If dimer acid is condensed with diethylenetriamine or similar polyalkylene polyamines, a liquid resin usually results that melts below 100 C. The structure of such resins can be indicated diagrammatically as follows, although there is evidence that both primary and secondary amine groups are involved in resin formation. 

Polyalkylene polyamines are typical by-products in the amination of dihydroxy compounds. Some of these oligomers, e. g. diethylenetriamine and triethylene-tetramine, are valuable compounds they are produced industrially from ethanol-amine (sometimes directly from ethylene oxide) and ammonia or a mixture of ammonia and ethylenediamine. Over a Ni-Re boride catalyst the selectivity for diethylenetriamine was ca 25 %, almost independent of the conversion [27]. Higher temperatures favored the formation of worthless cyclic products, mainly piperazine and its N-alkylated derivatives (Scheme 9). Recycling the cyclic byproducts can minimize their formation and the higher oligomers can be decomposed to useful dimers and trimers [26]. 

High molecular weight aliphatic sulfonamides of alkylene polyamides, and polyalkylene polyamines... 

The condensation reaction ofTOFA with a polyalkylene polyamine such as diethyl-enetriamine (DETA), triethylenetetramine (TETA), or tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) in a molar ratio 1 1 yields amidoamines ofTOFA (also called tall oil fatty acid polyamides). Typically the amidation reaction is conducted at temperatures between 250 and 290 and usually a mixture of tall oil fatty acid polyamide and the corresponding tall oil fatty acid imidazoline is obtained (Figure 3B.12). 

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