Polyacrylamide solution

In addition, postreaction on high molecular weight polyacrylamides can be difficult because of the high viscosity of even fairly dilute aqueous polyacrylamide solutions. 

The substantial decrease of polyacrylamide solution viscosity in mildly saline waters can be uti1i2ed to increase injection rates. A quaternary ammonium salt polymer can be added to the polyacrylamide solution to function as a salt and reduce solution viscosity (144). If the cationic charge is in the polymer backbone and substantially shielded from the polyacrylamide by steric hindrance, formation of an insoluble interpolymer complex can be delayed long enough to complete polyacrylamide injection. Upon contacting formation surfaces, the quaternary ammonium salt polymer is adsorbed reducing... 

The amide group of polyacrylamide offers a reactive site to change the ionic character or to cross-link the polymer. A polyacrylamide solution undergoes general reactions of the aliphatic amide group [1,2,11]. The impor-... 

Fig. 4.2.14 Dimensionless correlation between the minimum shear rate at which the shear viscosity can be obtained via MRI, ymjn and the velocity resolution, These data were obtained using an aqueous polyacrylamide solution at two different volume flow rates, or mean velocities, w.

Figure 3-8 Viscosity data and Carreau model fit of polyacrylamide solutions. (From Darby and Pivsa-Art, 1991.)...

The following data were measured for the viscosity of a 500 ppm polyacrylamide solution in distilled water ... 

Figure 6-5 Drag reduction data for polyacrylamide solutions (A/Re,s is the Reynolds number based on the solvent properties.) MDR is Virks maximum drag reduction assymptote (Virk, 1985). (From Darby and Chang, 1984).

Polyacrylamide solution, 0.05% m/v - dissolve 0.5 g of polyacrylamide in approximately 600 ml of water by stirring for several hours. When dissolved, dilute to 1 I. 

Sodium bicarbonate reagent - dissolve 420 g sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) in water, add 50 ml of the polyacrylamide solution and dilute to 10 I. Add approximately 50% m/m sodium hydroxide solution, stirring with a glass rod, until the pH meter reading is steady at 8.50 at 20°C (a plastic Pasteur pipette is useful for dropwise addition approaching the required pH). 

Haas R, Kulicke W-M (1984) Flow behavior of dilute polyacrylamide solutions through porous media II. Indirect determination of extremely high molecular weights and some aspects of viscosity decrease over long time intervals Ind Eng Chem Fundam 23 316... 

H. Muller-Mohnssen, Direct Determination of Apparent Slip for a Ducted Flow of Polyacrylamide Solutions, J. Rheol., 31(4) 323-336 (1987). 

Figure E3.2b presents the primary normal stress difference data for LDPE, and Fig. E3.2c presents the primary and secondary normal stress-difference data for a 2.5% polyacrylamide solution, again using a cone-and-plate rheometer.

Figure 6.29 compares predicted pressures with an experimentally measured pressure using a polyacrylamide solution. There is an optimum separation between the disks for... 

Fig. 6.29 Flow rate versus disk gap separation in normal stress pump. The polymer used was polyacrylamide solution at 28°C. Smooth curves indicate calculated values. The die was 0.482 cm long and had a diameter of 0.244 cm. [Data replotted from P. A. Good, A. J. Swartz, and C. W. Macosko, AIChE 20, 67(1974).]...

Kulicke, W. M., and Haas, R. (1984). Flow behavior of dilute polyacrylamide solutions through porous media. 1. Influence of chain length, concentration, and thermodynamic quality of solvent, lnd. Eng. Chem. Fund. 23 308-315. 

Fig 10. Degree of polarization as a function of polymer concentration for aqueous solutions of fluorescein conjugates of polyacrylamide represented by open circles. The weight average molecular weights are 3.5 104 and 23.0 10, for a and b, respectively. Filled circles represent the degree of polarization of fluorescence for free fluorescein molecules (sodium salt) dissolved in pure polyacrylamide solutions (15)... 

To start a run, the reactor was first filled with a previously prepared polyacrylamide solution more or less of the same description as the product desired. Nitrogen gas was turned on and the contents of the reactor were heated to the desired temperature. The two feed solutions were then pumped into the reactor. The temperature of the reactor contents would drop by 5° to 10° C. as the cold... 

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