Poly phthalocyanine

Materials. Beside inorganic materials (eg, barium chloride/fluoride crystals, doped with 0.05% samarium), transparent thermoplasts are preferred for the PHB technique, eg, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMAIA), polycarbonate, and polybutyral doped with small amounts of suitable organic dyes, organic pigments like phthalocyanines, 9-arninoacridine, 1,4-dihydroxyanthraquinone [81-64-1] (quinizarin) (1), and 2,3-dihydroporphyrin (chlorin) (2). 

Poly ( <-pyrazino)osiiiium(II) phthalocyanine] (2) Typical Procedure 272... 

Polyphosphazene-Phthalocyanlne Structures. Thus, a related study was carried out with copper phthalocyanine units linked covalently to a poly(aryloxyphosphazene) (44). Non-polymeric copper phthalocyanine forms ordered stacked structures in the crystalline state. When... 

The cobalt(II)15 and zinc(II)16 complexes of phthalocyanine(Pc), octcyano-Pc, and tetrasulfon-ato-Pc incorporated in poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene) or Nafion films coated on graphite have also been examined as catalytic devices for dihydrogen electrogeneration in phosphate buffer. These catalytic systems were strongly suggested to be dominated by the electron transfer within the polymer matrix. The best catalytic film is that constituted of the nonsubstituted Con-Pc complex in poly(4-vinylpyridine-co-styrene), giving a turnover number of 2 x 10s h-1 at an applied potential of —0.90 V vs. Ag Ag Cl. 

Gregory, P. Thetford, D. (Zeneca). Poly-Substituted phthalocyanines. U S Patent 5486,274, January 23, 1996. 

Polymeric Fe phthalocyanine (poly-FePc) is known to be a better catalyst... 

Gold (continued) pentafluoride, structure, 27 103 peroxides, 6 343-344 phthalocyanine, preparation of, 7 64 polyhalogen complex of, 3 153 poly(pyrazolyl)borato alkyl derivatives, 42 320-321... 

Fig. 6. Relation between dark conductivity and concentration of doping compounds log Od = / (log nacceptor/ndye). (I) phthalocyanine-(-o-chloranil (2) poly-N-vinylcarbazole + o-chloranil...

Fig. 11. Relation between thermo-emf Q and conductivity. Plot Q = C — (kje log e) log a. iodine/phthalocyanine Q TCNE/phthalocyanine Q o-chloranil/poly-N-vinylcarbazolc...

Scheme 6 represents coordinate polymers. A low-molecular-weight compound with multidentate groups on both ends of the molecule grows into a linear polymer with metal ions, and the polymer chain is composed of coordinate bonds. The parquetlike polymer complexes, poly(metal-phthalocyanine) and poly(metal-tetracyano-ethylene), are classified into Scheme 7. They are formed by inserting metal ions into planar-network polymers or by causing a low-molecular-weight ligand derivative to react with a metal salt and a condensation reagent.

Water-soluble polymer-bound porphorins have been prepared by the reaction of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone-co-methacrylic acid) with the low-molecular weight substituted Zn complexes tetraphenylpor-phorin, phthalocyanins and naphthocyanins [67, 68]. These reactions are... 

Poly(metal phthalocyanine)imide copolymers are produced from the reaction of metal (II) 4,4, 4",4" -phthalocyanine tetramine (Cu, Co, Ni), diamines 4-phenyl-ene, 4,4 -bis(4-aminophenyl)methane, 9,9 -bis(4-aminophenylfluorene) and 1,2,4,5-benzene tetracarboxylic dianhydride [69]. 

A novel synthetic approach to preparation of conductive polyphthalo-cynins1 is due to Lin and Dudek who employ thermal cyclization of poly (Cu(II), 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacyano)phthalocyanine to obtain a conducting system with extended ir-eonjugation [70],... 

Wohrle et al. [66] reported the synthesis of covalently bound phthalocyanine moieties to chloromethylated polystyrene polymethacrylic acid poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-methacrylic acid) [67]. 

Phthalocyanine Polymers. Phthalocyanin-imide polymers show an initial decomposition temperature > 500 °C both in air and inert atmosphere (Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) as expected. An increase in the concentration of metal phthalocyanine in the copolymer increases the thermal stability [70]. Poly(Cu 2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacyanophthalocyanine) represents an unique polymer showing enhanced thermal stability (1.2% wt loss at 585 °C and 1.5% wt loss at 625 °C, 21.6% at 800 °C) in He atmosphere Rapid oxidation takes place on heating above 560 °C (9% wt loss at 585 °Q [99] in air. The enhanced stability of this material is different from that of monomeric metal phthalocyanine compounds which sublime and loose most of their weight around 600 °C [99]. 

Phthalocyanine Polymers. As mentioned earlier [99], thermal cyclization of poly(Cu,2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacyanophthalocyanine) induces a dramatic improvement of the conductivities. The polymer, cyclized at 203 °C, has a room temperature conductivity of ca, 6.7 x 10-6(ft-1 cm- ) in air, cyclized at 400°C, the conductivity is enhanced 3 times which is claimed to be due to elimination of impurities. At 600-700 °C, large extensive cyclization (both inter and intramolecular) leads to highly conjugated structure cyclized at 900 °C, the polymer exhibits conductivity in the range 4.6-8 (ft-1 cm-1) with only ca. 21.9% weight-loss. 

Many other types of polymer have been prepared which exhibit semiconductivity. All obey the equation a = a0exp — E/kT. These include xanthene polymers (109, 110), polymerized phthalocyanines (111, 112), epoxides and polydiketones (86, 113), polypentadienes (114), polydicyanoacetylenes (115), polyvinylferrocene and substituted ferrocene (116, 117, 118, 119), polymeric complexes of tetracyanoethylene and metals (120), poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(vinylidene chloride) (121), polyvinylene and polyphenylene (122) and poly(Schiff s bases) (123, 124). 

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