Poly extracellular degradation

Extracellular Degradation of Polymers Related to Bacterial Poly(HA) 316... 

Identification and Isolation of Extracellular Poly(HA)-Degrading Microorganisms... 

In the former case, a bacterial or fungal colony on the surface of the material releases an extracellular degrading enzyme which breaks down the polymer chains into smaller units (dimers and ohgomers), which then are absorbed through the microorganisms ceU membrane and metabolised as a source of nutrient (carbon). It has been proposed that this mechanism first hydrolyses the chains of the amorphous phase of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) and then proceeds to attack the chains in the crystalline state. The enzymatic degradation rate decreases as the crystallinity increases [15, 16]. 

Schirmer A, Jendrossek D, ScUegel HG (1993) Degradation of poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic add) [P(3HO)] by bacteria purification tmd properties of a P(3HO) depolymerase fmm Pseudomonas fluorescens GK13. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 1220 Schirmer A, Matz C, Jendrossek D (1995) Substrate spedfidties of poly(hydroxyalkanoate)-degrading bacteria and active site studies on the extracellular poly(3-hydroxyoctanoic add) depolymerase of Pseudmnonas fluorescens GK13. Can J Microbiol 41 170-179 Schmid A, KoUmer A, Sonnleitner B, Witholt B (1999) Development of equipment and procedures for the safe operation of aerobic bacterid bioprocesses in the presence of bulk amounts of flammable oiganic solvents. Bioprocess Eng 20 91-100 Schmid A, Dordick JS, Hauer B, Kiener A, Wubbolts M, Witholt B (2001) Industrial biocatalysis today and tomorrow. Nature 409 258-268... 

Pometto AL III, Lee B, Johnson KE (1992) Production of an extracellular poly-ethylene-degrading en me(s) by Streptomyces species. Appl Environ... 

An extracellular enzyme from Xanthomonas sp. is able to degrade poly(c -l,4-isoprene) with the production of 12-keto-4,8-dimethyltrideca-4,8-diene-l-al (Braaz et al. 2004), and functions as a heme-dependent oxygenase (Braaz et al. 2005). 

The ability to degrade extracellular poly(HA) is widely distributed among bacteria and fungi and depends on the secretion or surface-display of specific... 

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