Poly cations ionic liquids

Thus, most ionic liquids are formed from cations that do not contain acidic protons. A summary of the applications and properties of ionic liquids may be found in a number of recent review articles [3]. The most common classes of cations are illustrated in Figure 2.1-1, although low melting point salts based on other cations, such as complex poly cationic amines [4] and heterocycle-containing drugs [5], have also been prepared. 

Work with supported ionic liquids was extended to a cationic polymer, poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride), which has quaternary ammonium functional groups (Fig. 16) 268). The extra-structural counter anion is Cl . The polymer was applied to simultaneously incorporate an ionic liquid and a transition-metal catalyst via a simple mixing of the components. Wilkinson s catalyst and [BMIM]PF6 were... 

However, for analysis of conducting polymers grown in ionic liquids the spectra may be complicated by the presence of elements common to both polymer and growth medium. For example, poly(pyrrole) grown in an imidazolium NTf2 ionic liquid will give peaks in the N Is core level spectra from the imidazolium cation... 

Poly(pyrrole) films grown by constant potential in the ionic liquid tri(hexyl) (tetradecyl) phosphoniumbis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide, [P6,6,6,u][NTf2], and subsequently cycled 100 times and reduced in the monomer-free ionic liquid, showed the presence of both ionic liquid cations and anions within the film. Interestingly, poly(pyrrole) films grown by constant potential in the ionic liquid but with no subsequent electrochemical cycling also contained both ionic liquid cation and anion within the film (Figure 7.19). 

One family of ionic liquids that has to date only been sparsely investigated for use with conducting polymers is the protic ionic liquids, where the cation has one or more mobile hydrogen atoms. A recent manuscript by Bi ak detailed the synthesis of 2-hydroxy ethylammonium formate [109], which melts at — 82 °C and has a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.3 mS cm-1, and reported the ability of this protic ionic liquid to dissolve poly(aniline) (17gmL ) and poly(pyrrole) (no concentration specified). The dissolution of conducting polymers into any solvent is of significant interest for a variety of reasons, such as improving their processability and ease of incorporation into different devices. 

Ambient temperature molten salt can be obtained by several methods. One effective way to obtain a room-temperature molten salt is by the introduction of polyether chains to ions. The term polyether/salt hybrid is used in this chapter as a common name for polyether oligomers having anionic or cationic charge(s) on the chain (Figure 22.1). Polyethers, such as poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), are known as representative ion conductive polymers [1]. Polyether/salt hybrids have been studied as a kind of room-temperature molten salt apart from the development of onium-type ionic liquids [2]. The preparation of ionic liquids consisting of metal ions has been one of the important goals in this research field. Polyether/salt hybrid derivatives give one such solution for this task. 

Bazureau et al. reported the synthesis of poly(ethyleneglycol) functionalized -ionic liquid phases as functionalized ionic liquids which are promising tools for synthetic applications in ionic-phase combinatorial chemistry [97], Moreover, several research groups have described ionic liquids with imidazolium cations carrying amino functionality. Davis et al. [98] reported for the first time a functionalized ionic liquid with NH2 group, n-propylamine-3-butylimidazohum tetrafluoroborate 18, for capturing C02 (Scheme 17). 

More recently, Tigelaar et al. have developed an alternative polymer membrane to Nafion that contains rigid sulfonated aromatic backbones linked with diamine-terminated poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO) oligomers. This polymer was developed to increase the amount of ionic liquid in the membrane, where in Nafion, the perfiuorinated nature was thought to be reducing the uptake. The polymer membranes were soaked with a 1 1 mixture of a PIL and water, where the PILs trialed contained the imidazolium cation with either sulfate, triflate, or TFSI anions. The highest conductivity obtained with these polymer membranes was 50 mS/cm at 150 °C with imidazolium—CF3SO3H. ... 

Environmentally friend and electrochemically stable waterproof ionic liquids like imidazolium cations with stable anions were also used. It is known that, unlike highly polar media, a hydrophobic medium facilitates the deposition of uniform well-adherent thick films. For example, the ionic liquid used to synthesize poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films leads to the formation of randomly oriented nanofibers and particles confined to submicrometer-sized domains in the film microstructure [229]. 

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