Polish Economic Zone

WAR GASES AND AMMUNITION IN THE POLISH ECONOMIC ZONE OF THE BALTIC SEA... 

Information on Dumping Areas and Types of Dumped Chemical and Conventional Warfare Items in the Polish Economic Zone... 

This information has been submitted to the Helsinki Commission [1]. Information on conventional ammunition, wrecks containing ammunition, dumping areas of chemical warfare agents as well as irritation cases by war gases along the Polish shoreline and within the Polish Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea are included in this report. 

The Hydrographic Service of the Polish Navy has identified and marked some of the so-called dangerous areas in the Polish Economic Zone [2] (Tab. 1, Fig. 2). The main areas of chemical warfare dumping are observed in the southern part of the Gotland Basin and in the Bornholm Basin (large shaded areas). The quantities of dumped material are unknown. 

TABLE 2. Dangerous areas due to war items on the bottom of the Polish Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea (The Maritime Office in Gdynia, 1993)... 

There is a mounting evidence that the sea floor of the Polish Economic zone is littered with dangerous items due to the post war dumping of war gases and ammunition and a... 

Andrulewicz, E., 1996. War gases and ammunition in the Polish economic zone of the Baltic Sea. In Kaffka, A.V. (Ed.), Sea-Dumped Chemical Weapons Aspects, Problems and Solutions. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 9-15. 

A separate problem is that of chemical munitions sunk in the Baltic. These munitions were produced during World Wars I and II, and after World War II they were sunk by Weimar Germany, the former GDR and the former Soviet Union. In the Polish economic zone, the sunken chemical munitions are located in 5 regions. It is estimated that the total area of those 5 regions is a few thousand km2. 

Glasby, G.P., Uscinowicz, S.Z. and Sochan, J.A., 1996. Marine ferromanganese concretions from the Polish exclusive economic zone Influence of Major Inflows of North Sea Water. Marine Georesources and Geotechnology, 14 335-352. 

Andrulewicz E. (1993) National report on war gases and ammunition in the Polish Exclusive Economic Zone of the Baltic Sea, Ad hoc Working Group on Dumped Chemical Munition (RELCOM CHEMU), Report 2/2/4, Vilnius, Lithuania. 

The substituted garnet plates can be produced by slicing from a single crystal rod grown by the floating zone method or, more economically, from thick films grown onto a host substrate by liquid phase epitaxy (see Section 3.11). The plates are lapped, polished, coated with antireflection layers and then diced to produce the final elements ( 2mm side by 100/mi thickness) ready for assembly into the isolator. 

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