Poliovirus vaccine live attenuated oral

Two types of trivalent poliovirus vaccines are currently licensed for distribution in the United States an enhanced inactivated vaccine (IPV) and a live attenuated, oral vaccine (OPV). IPV is the recommended vaccine for the primary series and booster dose for children in the United States, whereas OPV is recommended in areas of the world that have circulating poliovirus. 

An inactivated trivalent vaccine developed by Jonas Salk was licensed for use in 1955. In 1987, an enhanced-potency inactivated poho vaccine (IPV) was introduced, and it has replaced the original inactivated vaccine. A live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed by Albert Sabin in 1962. OPV was the primary immunizing agent for poliovirus infection. Widespread OPV use is responsible for eradication of wild-type polio in most of the world. However, with no poliovirus circulation in the United States for years, IPV is the recommended vaccine for the primary series and booster dose for children. OPV will continue to be used in the areas of the world that have circulating pohovirus. The CEX7 maintains a stockpile of OPV to be used only in case of an outbreak. ... 

Melnick J.L. 1984. Live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine. Rev. Infect. Dis. 6 S323. 

Poliomyelitis (live or oral) (Sabin type) Cell cultures infected with attenuated poliovirus of each of the three serotypes 1 Clarification 2 Blending of virus of three serotypes in stabilizing medium Infectivity titration of each of three virus serotypes Test for attenuation by Inoculation of spinal cords of monkeys and comparison of lesions with those produced by a reference vaccine... 

There are two types of pohomyelitis vaccines available. One is prepared from pohoviruses that as a rule have been inactivated by formaldehyde. Inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) is given parenterally. The second group of polio vaccines comprises attenuated strains of live polioviruses (oral poliomyelitis vaccine, OPV), which are given orally these live vaccines are the most widely used. 

Sabin, A.B. Boulger, L. History of sabin attenuated poliovirus oral live vaccine strains. J. Biol. Standardization 1973, i, 115-118. 

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