Polarized light microscopy PLM

MDHS 77 Asbestos in bulk materials - Sampling and identification by polarized light microscopy (PLM)... 

There are several techniques used to image the microstructure of fat crystal networks. (See Chapter 11 on Imaging. ) The most commonly used imaging method is polarized light microscopy (PLM) since fat crystals are birefringent and appear white, while the liquid oil is not and thus appears black. 

The rule had allowed LEAs to use laboratories that received interim accreditation for polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis under the EPA Interim Asbestos Bulk Sample Analysis Quality Assurance Program until the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) PLM Program became operational and laboratories accredited through that program were available. 40 C.F.R. 763.87(a). 

List of laboratories accredited by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the successor to the National Bureau of Standards, to perform polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis is available at http // ts.nist.gov/Standards/scopes/plmtm.htm... 

Figure 13.4. SEM images (left column) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) images (right column) of BSUA solids formatted under different conditions.

Menyhard et al. [9] reported the generation of polymer blends based on the P-modification of polypropylene. The authors studied the melting and crystallization characteristics as well as the structure and polymorphic composition of the blends by polarized light microscopy (PLM) and differential scaiming calorimetry (DSC). It was observed that the most important factor of the formation of the blend with P-crystalline phase when semicrystalline polymers were added to isotactic polypropylene (iPP) was the a-nucleation... 

Optical microscopy (OM), polarized light microscopy (PLM), phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) are the methods normally used for identification and quantification of the trace amounts of asbestos fibers that are encountered in the environment and lung tissue. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDXS) is used in both SEM and TEM for chemical analysis of individual particles, while selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analysis in TEM can provide details of the cell unit of individual particles of mass down to 10 g. It helps to differentiate between antigorite and chrysotile. Secondary ion mass spectrometry, laser microprobe mass spectrometry (EMMS), electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are also analytical techniques used for asbestos chemical characterization. 

The first extensive SEM investigation of PA6/PET-based MFCs and their precursors performed by Evstatiev et al. [82] undoubtedly showed the fibrillar structure of the PET reinforcements preserved after the PA6 matrix isotropization. Since then, electron microscopy has been used to visualize the orientation and morphology of the matrix and reinforcing components in almost every report on MFCs. It is worth noting some more recent studies on MFCs comprising LDPE and PET as matrix and reinforcement, respectively [30,31]. Several microscopic techniques were used, e.g., SEM, polarizing light microscopy (PLM) and TEM. Thus, by SEM it was demonstrated that the isotropic LDPE matrix embedded PET microfibrils with random orientation. Thin slices of PLM and TEM showed the orientation in the machine direction. The latter method also revealed the formation of transcrystalline layers of LDPE on the oriented PET microfibrils. 

The collagen fiber alignment angles, obtained from polarized light microscopy (PLM) and diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI), were statistically compared in five samples of the bovine articular cartilage from five different... 

Polarized light microscopy (PLM) A technique that uses polarizing filters in the optical train of a microscope. 

---