Poison ivy/oak

Creosote (beechwood) and creosote Poison ivy, oak, and sumac drug products ... 

Calamine is used to decrease the itching associated with poison ivy, oak, or sumac. It would not help a sunburn. 

Perhaps a sensitizer that you know best either by reputation or by personal experience is poison ivy (oak or sumac). The chemical that produces the sensitizing reaction is known as urashiol. However, allergic reactions to laboratory chemicals are not uncommon, for example, see Incident 4.1.1.1. Sensitization to a chemical can be very debilitating and can result in requirements for dramatic changes in lifestyle to avoid further exposure to the sensitizer. Prevention of exposure is essential when dealing with sensitizers. Examples of known sensitizers are shown in Table 4.1.2.1. 

Rhus dermatitis from poison ivy, oak and sumac (onycholysis, yellowish discoloration of the nail) (Fulghum 1972)... 

Humans who had a history of allergic to poison ivy/oak Urushiol Quaternium-18 bentonite (Q18B) lotion Q-18B lotion significantly reduced reactions to the urushiol Marks et al. [60]... 

The black-spot test is used to confirm that a suspected plant is poison ivy/oak/sumac. It is usually used when one has a plant with... 

The rash caused by poison ivy/oak exposure is an allergic reaction to a chemical in the plants sap. It is carried in tiny canals beneath the skin of the leaf or just below the bark. 

Contact reactions to plants in farm workers cover a wide spectrum. Reactions occur to poison ivy, oak and sumac [145] which are often not reported. Exposure can occur when clearing fence rows and sometimes when handling domestic animals. These plants are not usually found with the crops, where herbicides are used for weed control, but are more often seen on fence rows. Sometimes contaminated hair of farm animals is the source. The details of Toxicodendron dermatitis were given in the previous section. 

Persons who must encounter forest vegetation when fighting forest fires are exposed to the same antigenic materials as forestrty workers, but they are usually not in a position to take time to identify the plants and avoid them. Reactions to poison ivy, oak and sumac are discussed by Epstein [145], and prevention methods are mentioned by Oltman [57]. 

Epstein WL (1989) Topical prevention of poison ivy/oak dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 125 499... 

Orchard S, Fellman JH, Storrs FJ (1986) Poison ivy/oak 86. dermatitis. Arch Dermatol 122 783... 

Epi-derm has received four reports of allergic contact dermatitis from phenol-formaldehyde resins and brake pad mixes (N. Cherry, personal communication). The medical literature has very few reports of dermatitis in the brake-lining industry. Phenol-formaldehyde resin is the main potential allergen in the occupational environment. Cashew-nut shell oil is well recognised as an allergen, but the materials used in brake linings rarely appear to sensitise. (Adams 1990). The species Anacardium occidentale produces cashew nuts. It is in the same family as poison ivy, oak and sumac found in North America and elsewhere. Cross-... 

The Rhus plants, which include poison ivy, oak, and sumac, and contain the allergen urushiol, are the most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis in North America, affecting 50% or more of the population (Bergfeld and Elston 1994 Lowell 1996). A vast array of plants, including primrose and Compositae, cause contact dermatitis, airborne dermatitis, contact urticaria, and phytodermatitis, and are a potential threat to athletes participating in outdoor sports. 

Disinfectants, insecticides, other chemicals Animal dander/products Plants (poison ivy/oak/sumac)... 

The simple diphenol, pentadecylcatechol, is the major constituent of the irritant oils from Rhus and Toxicodendron spp. (see Chap. 7.1). It appears to be ubiquitously troublesome to the general public in poison ivy, oak, sumac, and the lacquer tree (57). It is only moderately troublesome to woodworkers because only... 

Texas Department of Insurance. Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac Factsheet. HS04-064B(3-07). Texas Department of Insurance, Division of Workers Compensation (TDl/DWC) [n.d.]. 

---