Plus Ultra

This chemistry is a good reminder that arrow pushing explains a lot, particularly the how of chemical reactions, but not the why. Other concepts such as chemical bonding and thermodynamics therefore must not be ignored. The reaction is also an inspiration that truly fundamental discoveries are waiting to be made. The old motto Plus ultra (further beyond ) continues to be an appropriate one for inorganic chemistry. 

The following are some of the highlights of what we discussed in this chapter. 

The xenon fluorides in general act as both fluoride ion donors and acceptors. 

Toward certain nucleophiles, xenon fluorides act as a source of electrophilic fluorine, that is, F ion equivalents. Thus, commercially available xenon difluoride is a useful F donor in organic chemistry. 

The xenon fluorides react vigorously with water. While XeFg hydrolyses straightforwardly to Xe03, XeF2 and XeF4 decompose by more complex redox pathways. 

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I think that such a book may become a little like a real organism, which is the non plus ultra of an extremely complex combination of biological and psychic reactions. What we need today in chemistry is not more ponderers, but more people capable of disentangling a complex web of information and of making connections between apparently unconnected ideas or data. Chemistry is the science of molecules, reagents, and products, but chemical research should —like all research - create not only chemical products but also ideas. Chemistry becomes innovative through the combination of products and ideas. 

Glanvill, Joseph. Plus ultra or, the progress and advancement of knowledge since the days of Aristotle. London , 1668. 

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Recovery and recycling of the chiral auxiliaries and ligands is another important concern in asymmetric synthesis, mainly when they are expensive. Therefore, the cuirent nee plus ultra is the use of chiral inductors in catalytic amounts either as chiral reagents or as ligands of chiral catalysts, that is the practice of "atom economy" as coined by Trost [129], Special emphasis Mil be given to the scope and limitations of this aspect of asymmetric synthesis. 

Pioro EP, Brooks BR, Cummings J, Schiffer R, Thisted RA, Wynn D, Hepner A, Kaye R. Dextromethorphan plus ultra low-dose quinidine reduces pseudobulbar affect. Ann Neurol 2010 68 693-702. 

The AHA/ASA guidelines recommend that antiplatelet therapy as the cornerstone of antithrombotic therapy for the secondary prevention of ischemic stroke and should be used in noncardioembolic strokes. Aspirin, dopidogrel, and extended-release dipyridamole plus aspirin are all considered first-line antiplatelet agents (see Table 13-1). The combination of aspirin and clopido-grel can only be recommended in patients with ischemic stroke and a recent history of myocardial infarction or coronary stent placement and then only with ultra-low-dose aspirin to minimize bleeding risk. 

Micro-tek Scientific (Sunnyvale, CA) Ultra-Plus II CEC, p-LC, capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) Gradient elution... 

In 1983, I set up my own company P.S. Analytical. A broad range of analytical modules with hardware and software have been designed, developed and manufactured by the company and are sold internationally. The main expertise of P.S. Analytical is to research a problem and to provide, at an economic cost, a fully engineered solution for routine use. The company collaborates with other companies, with universities and with government laboratories. P.S. Analytical has exposed me to different areas of analytical chemistry and has allowed me to tackle many areas of analytical apphcation, for example types. I have been actively involved in all aspects of the automation, especially economics, philosophy and management. P.S. Analytical has flourished and increased its range of products from simple accessories to fully integrated instrumental systems, for example, the Merlin Plus Fluorescence system for the determination of ultra-trace levels of mercury. 

All silanes were obtained from commercial production at Huls America. Ultra-pure water was prepared in a Millipore purification unit. FTIR studies were conducted with a Nicolet Model 740 Spectrometer using ATR (attenuated total reflectance) of samples in a zinc selenide cell. NMR spectra were obtained using a General Electric QE-plus 300 MHz NMR Spectrometer. 

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Polyallylamine (Mw = 70 000 g/mol) and polystyrene sulfonate (M, = 70 000 g/mol) were obtained from Aldrich. PAH was used as received, while PSS was purified from low molecular weight impurities by dialysis (Polyether-sulfone membranes, MW cut off 10 000 g/mol, Millipore) against ultra pure water and freeze dried. All water used for preparing solutions or for dialysis was purified by a Purelab Plus UV/UF, Elga Lab Water system and had a resistivity smaller than 0.055 xS/cm and a total organic content between 2 and 12 ppb (parts per billion). 

All solvents and chemicals were HPLC grade. Organic solvents, sodium carbonate (anhydrous), and sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Carbonate buffer, pH = 10.0, was prepared using the sodium carbonate (anhydrous), and sodium bicarbonate. A solution of 0.1 % triethylamine in methanol was made for the elution solvent. Diethylcarbamazine citrate was obtained from Sigma, and used to make stock solutions (St. Louis, MO, USA). The internal standard, 1-diethylcarbamyl-4-ethylpiperazine (E-DEC) was synthesized by the Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry at the University of Iowa, College of Pharmacy. Ultra-pure analytical grade Type I water was produced by a Milli-Q Plus water system (Millipore Corporation, Bedford, MA, USA). For the extraction of DEC and of its internal standard, Alltech Extract - Clean C18 cartridges, 500 mg with a 2.8 mL reservoir, and a SPE vacuum manifold (Alltech, Deerfield, IL, USA) were used. 

Many products are adding magnesium, boron, zinc, copper, vitamin K, and/or manganese, sometimes adding "Plus" or "Ultra"to... 

All separations were performed on 625 or 626 LC Systems with a 715 Ultra WISP or 717 Plus Autosampler and a Temperature Control Module (all from Waters, Milford, MA). HPLC columns used for separations were Delta-Pak C18 300A reversed-phase columns (2.0 x 150mm or 3.9 x 150mm). 

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