Plus or minus sign

Ionic charge should be indicated by an Arabic superscript numeral preceding the plus or minus sign Mg2 +, PO -. 

Although blocks are used to identify many types of mathematical operations, operations of addition and subtraction are represented by a circle, called a summing point. As shown in Figure 6, a summing point may have one or several inputs. Each input has its own appropriate plus or minus sign. A summing point has only one output and is equal to the algebraic sum of the inputs. 

The term cov. denotes the covariance for that particular interval. Note that the square root is taken of the elements within the parentheses. Note also that there is a plus or minus sign (i.e., ). For intervals to the right of the hitmax, use plus for intervals to the left, use minus. 

As x0 can be taken with the plus or minus sign, the experimental data should produce a straight line in the coordinates either (x + x0) - t/(x - x0) or (x - x0) - / (x + x0). This form of presenting the experimental results was used by N.A. Kolobov and M.M. Samokhvalov,17 who found the values of the reaction-diffusion constants for the Si02 layer in the oxidation of silicon by oxygen, listed in Table 1.2. The temperature dependence of both the chemical constant k0 and the physical (diffusional) constant k is well described by the Arrhenius relation (see equation (1.34)) with the activation energy 155 and 120 kJ mol1, respectively. 

The resistance formulation is also useful for numerical solution of complicated three-dimensional shapes. The volume elements for the three common coordinate systems are shown in Fig. 3-11, and internal nodal resistances for each system are given in Table 3-3. The nomenclature for the (m, rt, k) subscripts is given at the top of the table, and the plus or minus sign on the resistance subscripts designates the resistance in a positive or negative direction from the central node (m, n, k). The elemental volume AV is also indicated for each... 

Do not use multiple plus or minus signs, and do not circle the charge. 

Charged radical cations and anions are often indicated by the symbol, formula, or structure with a superscript dot followed by a plus or minus sign. However, in mass spectrometry, the reverse is used. Therefore, use the order of dots and signs for charges that is appropriate for the context. 

Note Also observe the direction of change of a property before interpolating. Use a plus or minus sign between the higher interpolating value and the proportional change depending on whether the tabulated value increases (+) or decreases (—). 

This equation giving the values of x is known as the quadratic formula. Two answers are given by this equation (depending on whether the plus or minus sign is used), but often, only one of them has any physical significance. 

The use of the plus or minus sign will depend on whether or not Xi and X2 have or do not have the same sign. 

FIGURE 13.1 Various types of positively charged ion-penetrable porous particles with fixed charges (large circles with plus sign). Electrolyte ions (small circles with plus or minus signs) can penetrate the particle interior. 

In order to maintain agreement with experiment, it is necessary to associate a plus or minus sign with the group moment in the case of... 

To avoid such questions, we can work with a coordinate system and indicate direction with plus or minus signs. The generally accepted convention is that heal transfer in the positive direction of a coordinate axis is positive and in the opposite direction it is negative. Therefore, a positive quantity indicates heat transfer in the positive direction and a negative quantity indicates heat transfer in the negative direction (Fig. 2-2). 

The general discussion of electrochemical reactions is, for the sake of consistency, restricted to cover reductions only. The transposition to oxidations should not present any problem, but the reader should be aware that the plus or minus sign in some equations has to be changed. 

The chlorine molecule undergoes homolysis (Sec. 1.14) that is, cleavage of the chlorine -chlorine bond takes place in a symmetrical way, so that each atom retains one electron of the pair that formed the covalent bond. This odd electron is not paired as are all the other electrons of the chlorine atom that is, it does not have a partner of opposite spin (Sec. 1.6). An atom or group of atoms possessing an odd (unpaired) electron is called a free radical. In writing the symbol for a free radical, we generally include a dot to represent the odd electron just as we include a plus or minus sign in the symbol of an ion. 

The attraction of electrons along the multiple bond network is called the mesomeric effect those atoms or groups that attract electrons exert a negative mesomeric effect, and vice versa. The symbol is M, and it is used with the appropriate plus or minus sign. 

When drawing atoms or molecules that carry a whole electric charge, the charge itself is indicated by a plus or minus sign, which in some texts is enclosed within a circle. Here, however, it will be represented by a plain + or - sign, which is placed as a superscript, usually after the atomic symbol that bears the charge. 

For operations of addition and subtraction, the block is replaced by a small circle, called a summing point, with the appropriate plus or minus sign associated with the... 

The choice of the plus or minus sign in (5-97) determines whether the unit normal points into the slider block or points into the gap and is the outer normal as required. It is easy to see which sign to choose by considering the limiting case m = 0 in which the surface of the slider block is parallel to the plane wall. In this case... 

A data type is necessary to allow the RDBMS to accurately convert the data from an external representation, most often text in a file, to an internal representation of the data. For example, the external representation of a numeric value is a text string containing at least one numeral, and possibly a plus or minus sign or a decimal point. A text value may contain any valid text character, usually only printable characters from the ASCII set. The internal representation of the data is dependent upon the particular RDBMS and hardware being used. It is not necessary to know the exact internal representation of the data. The important thing to consider is which data type accurately represents the data for your purposes. 

The plus or minus sign ( ) indicates that there are always two possible values for X. In this case, they are... 

A polynomial is an expression containing two or more terms connected by plus or minus signs. Thus, a + bx ax + by + z, etc. A binomial contains two such terms. 

It Is worthwhile to note at this point that the convention is to write actual charges on ions as n+ or the number being written before the plus or minus sign. On the other hand, oxidation states (not actual charges) are written +n or —the number being written after the plus or minus sign. 

Notation Presence or absence of activity against certain protozoa is indicated by plus or minus sign (+/—). 

Fig. 8.4 Matrix summary of distance matrix, connection algorithm, and temporal ordering algorithm. The shade of each matrix element represents the distance between two species, calculated from the correlation function matrix by means of eqs. (7.3) and (7.4). The darker the shade, the smaller the distance (white, dij = 1.3, black, dij = 0.2 linear gray scale). A plus or minus sign within a matrix element denotes that the connection algorithm has assigned a significant connection between these two species further, a plus (minus) sign indicates that response of the row species follows (precedes) variation in the column species. (From [1].)...

In the first case a vector in front of the symbol gives the drift against the standard setting. Enantiomorphous representations are distinguished by a plus or minus sign in front of the letter (p.e. Y, Y). 

Step 1 calculate the total interaction energy, with use of an equation similar to Equation (2.1), between ion 1 and all the other ions in the cluster the interaction is given a plus or minus sign depending on whether the ions have the same or opposite charges. 

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