Platinum wire loop

Use a platinum wire loop or forceps to transfer the grid to the surface of a droplet of appropriately diluted primary antibody. Incubate from 30 min to overnight (depending on dilution, temperature, etc.). Longer incubations with higher dilutions of antibody produce more specific labeling. 

The substrate samples were inserted into the high temperature zone through a hole in the top of the furnace lid. These samples consisted of beads fused onto small platinum wire loops which were suspended from a long platinum wire holder cemented into an alumina plug. 

Figure 9.3 Stationary solution voltammetry cells, (a) Platinum wire loop auxiliary electrode, (b) reference electrode or reference electrode probe tip, (c) carbon paste working electrode, (d) graphite auxiliary electrode, (e) dropping mercury electrode, (0 platinum wire contact to mercury pool working electrode, (g) nitrogen gas inlet tube, (h) magnetic stirrer, (i) mercury pool working electrode, (j) glass frit isolation barrier.

The auxiliary electrode shown in Figure 9.3A and C is a platinum wire loop concentric with the working electrode. A platinum wire or foil, a mercury pool, and carbon can also be used for this purpose. The graphite rods used for emission spectroscopy are useful as auxiliary electrodes. For optimum performance at short times, the position of the reference probe might have to be changed from that shown when using different auxiliary electrodes. 

In general, it may be stated that the borax beads are more viscous than the phosphate beads. They accordingly adhere better to the platinum wire loop. The colours of the phosphates, which are generally similar to those of the borax beads, are usually more pronounced. The various colours of the phosphate beads are collected in the following table. 

Sodium carbonate bead tests The sodium carbonate bead is prepared by fusing a small quantity of sodium carbonate on a platinum wire loop in the Bunsen flame a white, opaque head is produced. If this is moistened, dipped into a little potassium nitrate and then into a small quantity of a manganese compound, and the whole heated in the oxidizing flame, a green bead of sodium manganate is formed ... 

Very small and even-sized drops can be obtained by means of platinum wire loops the size of the loop can be varied and by calibrating the various loops (by weighing the drops delivered), the amount of liquid delivered from each loop is known fairly accurately. A number of loops are made by bending platinum wire of suitable thickness the wires should be attached in the usual manner to lengths of glass rod or tubing to act as handles. They are kept in... 

Fusion and solution of a melt may be conducted either in a platinum wire loop or in a platinum spoon (0-5-1 ml capacity) attached to a heavy platinum wire and fused into a glass holder. 

Chromium. Mixed with sodium carbonate and potassium nitrate and fused in a platinum wire loop gives yellow potassium chromate. A solution of the bead in acetic acid, gives yellow precipitate with lead acetate. 

In general, it may be stated that the borax beads are more viscous than the phosphate beads. They accordingly adhere better to the platinum wire loop. 

The sampling-boat technique is frequently hampered by poor precision. Delves (D5) described an improved system. He modified the system of White (W5) who used a platinum-wire loop in conjunction with an absorption tube to increase sensitivity. Delves vaporized samples from microcrucibles made of nickel foil into a nickel absorption tube situated in air-acetylene flame. The sensitivity is 1 X g lead per 1% absorption at the 2833 A line. Only 10 /lil of whole blood are required. Before analysis, the sample is dried in the nickel crucible on a hot plate at 140°C (ca. 30 seconds) and then is partially oxidized with 20 jal of 30% hydrogen peroxide at 140°C until a dry yellow residue is obtained. Standards of lead added to normal blood are run in a similar fashion. 

A mechanically robust ECESR cell that is suitable for measurements even at very low temperatures with all kinds of electrolyte solvents and that employs a platinum wire loop as the working electrode located at the bottom of a 4 mm ESR cuvet has been developed by Fiedler et al. [618]. The reference and counter electrodes are placed above the working electrode outside of the sensitive region of the ESR cavity. 

Cations are simply identified by acidifying the water extract of the sample with hydrochloric acid and conducting a flame test with a platinum wire loop. The lavender color of potassium is best observed through cobalt blue glass, which filters out the yellow sodium emission. High levels of strontium will also be seen through the cobalt glass but, because of its... 

In 1879, German urologist Maximilian Nitze and Viennese instrument maker Joseph Leiter introduced the cystoscope, a small endoscope for directly viewing urethras and bladders. It consisted of an incandescent platinum wire loop heated by electricity and cooled by ice water for internal illumination and a system of magnifying lenses. 

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