Platinum and Ruthenium in Clinical Samples

Current challenges in clinical and pharmaceutical studies are to explain the mechanism of cytotoxic activity of drugs, their transport into cancer cells, distribution and metabolism in the human body, interaction with proteins and with DNA 

The determination of the total platinum content in physiological fluids and tissues, both during clinical treatment or after environmental exposure, requires instrumental techniques of sufficient DLs and selectivities. ICP MS provides the most attractive DLs for platinum in biological samples, for example, 7.50 ng/L in human plasma ultrafiltrate after chemotherapy with cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin [119] 0.1 pg/mL in blood, serum, and ultrafiltrate samples after chemotherapy with oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracyl [120] 26 pg/g in DNA isolated from cancer ovarian cells after different exposure times and concentrations of cisplatin [121] and 0.75 pg in DNA extracts from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tissues from patients treated with cisplatin [122] and 1.0 pg/L in serum, 0.1 pg/L in ultrafiltrate, and 2 pg/L in urine [123]. The ICP MS technique allowed detection of physiological levels of ft in the tmexposed human body 0.3-1.3 ng/L in blood (DL of 0.3 ng/L) [46] 0.48-7.7 ng/L in urine (DL of 0.24 ng/L) [47] and 0.778 ng/g 

---