Plasticizers migration reduction

The promising results by Huber et al. [37] and Choi and Kwak [38] with a reduction in the migration of highly branched polyesters to hexane and polymer substrates suggested that the introduction of branches in the plasticizer structure could be an effective way to prevent the release of plasticizer also in aqueous environments. Volatihty, extractabihty, and exudation tests for PVC/hyperbranched polycaprolactone showed that there was no plasticizer migration even at very harsh conditions, while 7-78% of additives in PVC/DEHP migrated out of the samples [91]. 

Special properties high calendering output, high impact strength, reduction of plasticizer migration, impact modification ... 

P.R.190 has a relatively small impact on the market. It is a specialty product for industrial paints, especially for automotive finishes, but offers no advantage over other members of its class. Its shade is dull and referred to as scarlet. In white reductions, the commercial type is very bluish and equally dull. The particle sizes of this product are too coarse for it to be used in metallic finishes. P.R.190 is very durable and very fast to organic solvents and to migration. The pigment is heat stable up to processing temperatures of 200°C. Despite its good heat stability, the pigment possesses only limited commercial value as a colorant for plastics. 

Cells containing calcium zincate electrodes can be manufactured in at least two different ways. Calcium hydroxide can be added to the zinc oxide electrode mixture. In this case, the calcium zincate is formed in situ as the electrode is cycled in the ceU during the electrochemical formation process. Another method is to form calcium zincate in a separate step and then use this material in the electrode fabrication process. Calcium zincate can be prepared, purified and identified by its X-ray diffraction pattern, shown in Fig. 31.6. This process produces electrodes with a more uniform distribution of calcium zincate and overcomes the problem of zinc dissolution that occurs during the first few cycles before the calcium-zincate has fully formed in the in situ method. This serves to increase the overall cycle Ufe and performance of the battery. In either case, an important advantage of the plastic-bonded calcium zincate stmcture is the reduction of the tendency to form zinc dendrites. The zinc active materials are embedded in the three-dimensional stmcture of the PTFE nanofibers. This increases the stability of the electrode. Although it is possible for some zinc dissolution and migration to occur in the cell, dendritic deposits which penetrate the separator are rarely seen. 

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