Plasticization, external principles

The Soul is the Principle of the (external and internal) perceptivity, the principle of the imagination, the perception and the receptivity. It is the plastic, creative, forming, producing and perceiving ability, which is creatively active as well as reproductively. 

The densification by plastic deformation and power-law creep is, in principle, independent of particle (grain) size. In the case of diffusion (both lattice and grain boundary), on the other hand, densification depends on not only the effective pressure but also the grain size. The densification by diffusion under an external pressure is similar to diffusional creep Nabarro-Herring creep due to lattice diffusion, and Coble creep due to grain boundary diffusion. The dependency of densification on grain size is the same as that of diffusional creep. 

In the past, in Europe, plastics used for backplates and housings in office and consumer electronics virtually all complied with the high specifications of V-0 and V-1 classifications. This guaranteed a high level of fire safety of materials against internal fire sources plus external ones like candles. For TV sets, this was done on a voluntary basis, as, in principle, only the low levels of fire safety requirements for materials in lEC 65 had to be met. 

There is the optical strain measmement system that is based on the principles of optical interference. It uses Moire, laser, or holographic interferometry. Another very popular method is using solvents that actually attack the product. It works only with those plastics that can be attacked by a specific solvent. Immersed products in a temperature controlled solvent for a specific time period identifies external and... 

Liotta (12) constructed his artificial heart from a combination of different materials - Lucite, teflon, polyester urethane, and silk. It is difficult to evaluate the thrombogenic potential of this combination of materials because the longest survival was 13 hours in dogs. The principle cause of death in these animals was low cardiac output secondary to inadequate venous return. The following year in a different series of experiments Liotta (13) tried a different combination of materials. Here, although the experiments were acute in scope, thrombus formation at the blood-plastic interface was a major problem. The left ventricular assist device (LVAD) was a tube-type with the housing and valves constructed of Estane. The internal elastic tube was made of either natural rubber. Silastic, or natural rubber covered externally with Silastic. 

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