Plasmids internalization

Moriguchi, R., Kogure, K., Akita, H., Futaki, S., Miyagishi, M., Taira, K., and Harashima, H. (2005) A multifunctional envelope-type nano device for novel gene delivery of siRNA plasmids. International Journal of Pharmaceutics 301 277-285. 

Amplicor CT/NG PCR CT cryplic plasmid Internal control, multiplex... 

The plasmid vector pTEV-DHFR was used in this study. Internal ribosome entry sequence originated from tobacco etch virus (TEV) was locatai at upstream of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene. 

Plasmid DNA can be complexed electrostatically with cationic polymers. These complexes can be used for gene transfer [241]. Like the complexes of DNA with cationic lipids these complexes adhere to the cell surface with their cationic surface charges. Thereafter, they are internalized, presumably by adsorptive endocytosis. 

Navarro-Garcia F, Canizalez-Roman A, Luna J, Sears C, Nataro JP Plasmid-encoded toxin of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli is internalized by epithelial cells. Infect Immun 2001 69 1053-1060. 

Figure 1 Potential points for the enhancement of liposome-mediated gene transfer. The above diagram illustrates the characteristic lipofection pathway demonstrating the four key stages bold, underlined), complex formation, targeting and internalization, endosomal escape, and nuclear translocation. Indicated alongside (italic) are the peptides that can be used to augment the transfection potential of the liposome. Abbreviation pDNA, plasmid DNA.

Another route to enter cells with Gd(III) chelates is based on the use of membrane translocation peptides which have been proven useful for the internalization of a number of substrates like proteins, oligonucleotides and plasmid DNA. For instance, Bhorade et al. (174) showed that GdDTPA bound to 13-merHIV-tat peptide is efficiently internalized. 

Fig. 8 Topview of AFM images of different dsDNA topologies on amino-terminated mica a linear 2,-DNA (48.5 kbp), b non-twisted circular DNA plasmids (3.2 kbp), c circular su-percoiled DNA with twists and writhes due to internal supercoiling (supercoiled DNA ladder 2-16khp) [48]. Reprinted with permission...

Anthrax Spores Biochemical Properties DNA sequence Whole organism Specific toxin plasmids Proteins sequence and structure Exosporium Spore internal Toxins... 

Silver, S., B. P. Rosen, and T. K. Misra. 1986. DNA sequencing analysis of mercuric and arsenic operons of plasmids from gram negative and gram positive bacteria. In 5th International Symposium on the Genetics of Industrial Microorganisms. Alacevic, M., D. Hranueli, and Z. Toman (eds). pp 357-371. 

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