Plasma level effective

Lane HY, Jann MW, Chang YC, et al. Repeated ingestion of grapefruit juice does not alter clozapine s steady-state plasma levels, effectiveness, and tolerability. J Clin Psychiatry 2001 62(10) 812-817. 

Yamamoto J, James QC, Bloombaum M, et al Racial factors in patient selection. Am J Psychiatry 124 630-636,1967 Yamashita I, Asano Y Tricyclic antidepressants therapeutic plasma level. Psychopharmacol Bull 15 40-41,1979 Ziegler VE, Biggs JT Tricyclic plasma levels effect of age, race, sex and smoking. JAMA 238 2167-2169,1977... 

Rivera-Calimlim L, Nasrallah H, Strauss J, Lasagna L. Clinical response and plasma levels effect of dose, dosage schedules, and drug intemctions on plasma chlorpromazine levels.. <4ir J Psychiatry (1976) 133, 646-52. 

Side Effects and Toxicity. Adverse effects to the tricycHc antidepressants, primarily the result of the actions of these compounds on either the autonomic, cardiovascular, or central nervous systems, are summarized in Table 3. The most serious side effects of the tricycHcs concern the cardiovascular system. Arrhythmias, which are dose-dependent and rarely occur at therapeutic plasma levels, can be life-threatening. In order to prevent adverse effects, as weU as to be certain that the patient has taken enough dmg to be effective, the steady-state semm levels of tricycHc antidepressant dmgs are monitored as a matter of good practice. A comprehensive review of stmcture—activity relationships among the tricycHc antidepressants is available (42). 

Sotalol is rapidly and almost completely (>90%) absorbed. Bioavahabhity of absorbed dmg is 89—100%. Peak plasma levels are achieved in 2—4 h. Sotalol is 50% bound to plasma proteins. Plasma half-life of the compound is about 5.2 h. No metabolites of sotalol have been identified indicating littie metabolism. The dmg is excreted mainly by the kidneys (80—90%) and about 10% is eliminated in the feces. The plasma half-life is prolonged in patients having renal failure. Kinetics of the compound are not affected by changes in liver function (1,2). Sotalol has ah the adverse effects of -adrenoceptor blockers including myocardial depression, bradycardia, transient hypotension, and proarrhythmic effects (1,2). 

When adininistered orally, digoxin bioavailabihty ranges from 40 to 90% depending on the manufacturing process. Peak plasma levels occur within 3 h after oral adininistration peak effects occur 2 h later. The dmg is elkninated primarily through the kidney (114). 

AUC is the area under the curve or the integral of the plasma levels from zero to infinite time. Conversely, equation 1 may be used to calculate input rates of dmg that would produce steady-state plasma levels that correspond to the occurrence of minor or major side effects of the dmg. 

Design of a dmg deflvery device is dictated by the properties of the physiological barrier, the effective plasma levels, and the total dosage. 

Risperidone (11) was also included among a a 1-adrenergic receptor antagonists to study a quantitative structure-activity relationship (99BMC2437). A pharmacophore model for atypical antipsychotics, including 11, was established (00MI41). An increased plasma level of 11 and 9-hydroxyrisperidone (12) was observed in combination with paroxetine (01 MI 13). The effect of vanlafaxine on the pharmacokinetics of 11 was reported (99MI13). 

A class of important pharmacological compounds that are the most effective drugs for lowering plasma levels of low-density-lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol. 

Mebendazole is contraindicated in patients witii known hypersensitivity. Mebendazole is also contraindicated during pregnancy (Category C). The drug, like albendazole, has exhibited embryotoxic and teratogenic effects in experimental animals. Administration of mebendazole with tiie hydantoins and carbamazepine may reduce plasma levels of mebendazole. 

Administration of zafirlukast and aspirin increases plasma levels of zafirlukast, When zafirlukast is administered with warfarin, there is an increased effect of the anti coagulant. Administration of zafirlukast and theophylline or erythromycin may result in a decreased level of zafirlukast. Administration of montelukast with other drugs has not revealed any adverse responses. Administration of montelukast with aspirin and NSAIDs is avoided in patients with known aspirin sensitivity. Administration of zileuton with propranolol increases the activity or the propranolol with theophylline increases serum theophylline levels and with warfarin may increase prothrombin time (PT). A prothrombin blood test should be done regularly in the event dosages of warfarin need to be decreased. 

---